Sex Differences in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: 30-Year US Trends and Mortality Risks-Brief Report.

Background: The American Heart Association recently published guidelines on how to clinically identify and categorize individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. The extent to which CKM syndrome prevalence and prognosis differ by sex remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the impact of sex on trends in prevalence over 30 years and the long-term prognosis of CKM syndrome in the United States.

Nanorings Resembling Beehives for Ultrasensitive Fluorescence Detection.

In this study, we showcase the fabrication of two nanorings resembling beehives using intricately designed donor-acceptor (D-A) fluorophores. The D-A fluorophores, featuring three twisted fluorene groups on each side of the acceptor group, adopt a bent conformation that promotes the creation of a nanoring morphology upon aggregation. With porosity for maximum binding sites, high emission efficiency, and well-organized arrangements, the nanoring-based hives offer exceptional sensitivity and selectivity in the detection of organic sulfides.

Visible Light-Sensitized CO Methanation along a Relaxed Heat Available Route.

In photocatalysis, the resulted heat by the relaxation of most of incident light no longer acts as the industrially favorite driving force back to the target photo-reaction due to more or less the negative relation between photocatalytic efficiency and temperature. Here, we reported a visible light-sensitized protocol that completely reversed the negatively temperature-dependent efficiency in photo-driven CO methanation with saturated water vapor. Uniform Pt/N-TiO/PDI self-assembly material decisively injects the excited electron of PDI sensitizer into N-TiO forming Ti-H hydride which is crucially temperature-dependent nucleophilic species to dominate CO methanation, rather than conventionally separated and trapped electrons on the conductor band.

Concentric hollow multi-hexagonal platelets from a small molecule.

The creation of well-defined hollow two-dimensional structures from small organic molecules, particularly those with controlled widths and numbers of segments, remains a formidable challenge. Here we report the fabrication of the well-defined concentric hollow two-dimensional platelets with programmable widths and numbers of segments through constructing a concentric multiblock two-dimensional precursor followed by post-processing. The fabrication of concentric multi-hexagons two-dimensional platelets is realized by the alternative heteroepitaxial growth of two donor-acceptor molecules.

Benchmarking State-of-the-Art Large Language Models for Migraine Patient Education: Performance Comparison of Responses to Common Queries.

This study assessed the potential of large language models (OpenAI's ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0, Google Bard, Meta Llama2, and Anthropic Claude2) in addressing 30 common migraine-related queries, providing a foundation to advance artificial intelligence-assisted patient education and insights for a holistic approach to migraine management.

Bias distribution and regulation in photoelectrochemical overall water-splitting cells.

The water oxidation half-reaction at anodes is always considered the rate-limiting step of overall water splitting (OWS), but the actual bias distribution between photoanodes and cathodes of photoelectrochemical (PEC) OWS cells has not been investigated systematically. In this work, we find that, for PEC cells consisting of photoanodes (nickel-modified -Si [Ni/-Si] and α-FeO) with low photovoltage ( < 1 V), a large portion of applied bias is exerted on the Pt cathode for satisfying the hydrogen evolution thermodynamics, showing a thermodynamics-controlled characteristic. In contrast, for photoanodes (TiO and BiVO) with > 1 V, the bias required for cathode activation can be significantly reduced, exhibiting a kinetics-controlled characteristic.

Early-Onset Hypertension and Sex-Specific Residual Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: To investigate whether the sex disparities in type 2 diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks may be related to early-onset hypertension that could benefit from intensive blood pressure (BP) control.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed intensive versus standard BP control in relation to incident CVD events in women and men with type 2 diabetes, based on their age of hypertension diagnosis.

Results: Among 3,792 adults with type 2 diabetes (49% women), multivariable-adjusted CVD risk was increased per decade earlier age at hypertension diagnosis (hazard ratio 1.

Light-Regulated Nucleation for Growing Highly Uniform Single-Crystalline Microrods.

We report a light-irradiation method to control the synchronous nucleation of a donor-acceptor (D-A) fluorophore for growing highly uniform single-crystalline microrods, which is in sharp contrast to the prevailing methods of restricting spontaneous nucleation and additionally adding seeds. The D-A fluorophore was observed to undergo photoinduced electron transfer to CrCl, leading to the generation of HCl and the subsequent protonation of the D-A fluorophore. By intensifying photoirradiation or prolonging its duration, the concentration of protonated D-A fluorophores can be rapidly increased to a high supersaturation level.

Sex Differences in Association of Physical Activity With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality.

Background: Although physical activity is widely recommended for reducing cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks, female individuals consistently lag behind male individuals in exercise engagement.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate whether physical activity derived health benefits may differ by sex.

Methods: In a prospective study of 412,413 U.

The plasmonic effect of Cu on tuning CO reduction activity and selectivity.

Copper (Cu) has been widely used for catalyzing the CO reduction reaction (CORR), but the plasmonic effect of Cu has rarely been explored for tuning the activity and selectivity of the CORR. Herein, we conducted a quantitative analysis on the plasmon-generated photopotential () of a Cu nanowire array (NA) photocathode and found that exclusively reduced the apparent activation energy () of reducing CO to CO without affecting the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). As a result, the CO production rate was enhanced by 52.

Cu coordination-induced in situ photo-to-heat on catalytic sites to hydrolyze β-lactam antibiotics pollutants in waters.

For degradation of β-lactam antibiotics pollution in waters, the strained β-lactam ring is the most toxic and resistant moiety to biodegrade and redox-chemically treat among their functional groups. Hydrolytically opening β-lactam ring with Lewis acid catalysts has long been recognized as a shortcut, but at room temperature, such hydrolysis is too slow to be deployed. Here, we found when Cu was immobilized on imine-linked COF (covalent organic framework) (Cu/Py-Bpy-COF, Cu load is 1.