[Application progress of ROX index in evaluating the efficacy of pediatric high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy].

Respiratory support is one of the key technologies for treating pediatric respiratory diseases. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) represents a novel method of assisted respiratory support. The commonly used indicator for assessing HFNC efficacy in clinical practice is oxygenation index (PaO/FiO).

Clinical characteristics and early identification of augmented renal clearance in PICU patients with severe sepsis associated with MRSA infection.

Objectives: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Augmented Renal Clearance (ARC) in severe sepsis children with MRSA infection and find risk factors to establish a model predicting ARC onset in PICU.

Design: Retrospective study, in which ARC was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measured by the modified Schwartz formula above 130 ml/min/1.73 m.

Model based on the automated AI-driven CT quantification is effective for the diagnosis of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

The prediction of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) remains a clinically significant challenge. This study aimed to develop an early predictive model utilizing artificial intelligence (AI)-derived quantitative assessment of lung lesion extent on initial computed tomography (CT) scans and clinical indicators for RMPP in pediatric inpatients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with M.

Incidence, outcome, and prognostic factors of prolonged mechanical ventilation among children in Chinese mainland: a multi-center survey.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence, outcome, and prognostic factors of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) in children in Mainland China.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 11 pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) from May 1, 2021, to April 30, 2022. All pediatric patients on mechanical ventilation meeting the criteria for PMV were included in the study.

Cuproptosis associated cytoskeletal destruction contributes to podocyte injury in chronic kidney disease.

The podocyte cytoskeleton determines the stability of podocyte structure and function, and their imbalance plays a pathogenic role in podocyte diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of podocyte cytoskeleton damage is not fully understood. Here, we investigate the specific role of cuproptosis in inducing podocyte cytoskeleton injury.

miR-16-5p aggravates sepsis-associated acute kidney injury by inducing apoptosis.

Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is a common disease in pediatric intensive care units (ICU) with high morbidity and mortality. The newly discovered results indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of S-AKI and can be used as markers for early diagnosis. In this study, the expression level of miR-16-5p was found to be significantly upregulated about 20-fold in S-AKI patients, and it also increased by 1.

Association of SH2 domain-containing protein 1A, immunoglobulins and T lymphocyte subsets with Epstein- Barr virus infections.

Background: We aimed to analyze the levels and associations of SH2 domain-containing protein 1A (SH2D1A), immunoglobulins and T lymphocyte (TL) subsets in children with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections.

Methods: Sixty children with EBV infections admitted from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected, including 29 cases of infectious mononucleosis (IM group) and 31 cases of chronic active EBV infections (CAEBV group). Another 42 healthy children undergoing physical examination in the same period were selected as a control group.

[Risk factors for progression to severe pneumonia in children visiting the emergency department with pneumonia].

Objective: To determine the risk factors for developing severe pneumonia in children under 5 years old with pneumonia.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted 246 children with pneumonia between 2 and 59 months old who were admitted to the department of emergency of the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from May 2019 to May 2021 were enrolled. The children with pneumonia were screened according to the diagnostic criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO).

Successful weaning from the invasive respiratory support after nusinersen treatment in a child with SMA type 1: A case report.

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease, which can be classified into 4 types according to the symptom onset age and the highest physical developmental milestone. Among them, type 1 SMA is the most severe form that affects infants younger than 6 months. Permanent assisted ventilation is usually needed for infants with type 1 SMA before the age of 2 years due to the rapid progression of disease.

Clinical observation of glucocorticoid therapy for critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the clinical effects of intravenous glucocorticoid (GC) therapy for severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods: Seventy-two patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who were discharged or died between 5 January 2020 and 3 March 2020 at Huangshi Infectious Disease Hospital were included. Patients were divided into a treatment group (GC group) and non-treatment group (non-GC group) according to whether they had received GCs within 7 days of hospital admission.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with prolonged mechanical ventilation in PICUs in mainland China: A national survey.

Objective: The number of children on prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) has increased markedly, but little is known about the situation in mainland China. We carried out a multicenter retrospective investigation to describe the clinical characteristics and prognosis of Chinese children receiving long-term ventilation in the PICU.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 11 PICUs.

A Systematic Review of Linezolid Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics in Patients Undergoing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Does One Size Fit All?

Background: Selection of the optimal antimicrobial posology in critically ill patients remains a challenge, especially in patients with sepsis who undergo continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). This systematic review aimed to analyze factors that influence the extracorporeal removal of linezolid.

Methods: A comprehensive search was performed to identify studies published up to March 2022 in PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases.

Pediatric Reference Change Value Optimized for Acute Kidney Injury: Multicenter Retrospective Study in China.

Objectives: The standard definition of pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) is evolving, especially for critically ill in the PICU. We sought to validate the application of the Pediatric Reference Change Value Optimized for Acute Kidney Injury in Children (pROCK) criteria in critically ill children.

Design: Multicenter retrospective study.

Epidemiology of Cardiopulmonary Arrest and Outcome of Resuscitation in PICU Across China: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology and the effectiveness of resuscitation from cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) among critically ill children and adolescents during pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay across China.

Methods: A prospective multicenter study was conducted in 11 PICUs in tertiary hospitals. Consecutively hospitalized critically ill children, from 29-day old to 18-year old, who had suffered from CPA and required cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the PICU were enrolled (December 2017-October 2018).

Clinical Characteristics and Death Risk Factors of Severe Sepsis in Children.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by viral infection. The circulatory dysfunction caused by sepsis is also called septic shock or septic shock. The main characteristics are rapid onset, rapid changes, and involvement.

A Novel Mutation c.841C>T in COPA Syndrome of an 11-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report and Short Literature Review.

COPA syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with auto-immune and auto-inflammatory abnormalities. This disease is caused by mutations of COPα, a protein that functions in the retrograde transport from the Golgi to the ER. Here we report the first COPA case of an 11-year-old boy with c.

MiR-539-5p inhibits the inflammatory injury in septic H9c2 cells by regulating IRAK3.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been confirmed to play a potential role in sepsis, but little is known about their role in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC).

Methods: The model of septic cardiomyopathy was constructed with H9c2 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the expression of miR-539-5p was detected by qRT-PCR assay. ELISA, CCK-8, EdU TUNEL analysis were performed to evaluate the role of miR-539-5p in inflammation response, viability, proliferation and apoptosis of LPS-treated H9c2 cells.

Ketogenic diet (KD) therapy in the acute phase of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): a case report.

Management of frequent epileptic seizures in febrile infection-related epilepsy (FIRES) is often challenging. FIRES is an uncommon disease condition. Children with FIRES develop refractory epilepsy with severe cognitive deficits that affect the function of the temporal and frontal lobes.

Study on the Clinical Significance of ACE2 and Its Age-Related Expression.

Background: ACE2 plays a particular role in the changes in multiple organ functions. However, whether ACE2 expression differs at different ages and whether it plays a role in infection-related organ dysfunction remains unclear.

Methods: Female and male C57BL/6 mice in four different age groups were included in this study.

Performance of Three Mortality Prediction Scores and Evaluation of Important Determinants in Eight Pediatric Intensive Care Units in China.

The mortality prediction scores were widely used in pediatric intensive care units. However, their performances were unclear in Chinese patients and there were also no reports based on large sample sizes in China. This study aims to evaluate the performances of three existing severity assessment scores in predicting PICU mortality and to identify important determinants.

Evaluation of organ function in patients with severe COVID-19 infections.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to assess organ function in 102 patients with severe COVID-19 infections, using retrospective clinical analysis.

Material And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 102 patients with severe COVID-19 infections. The patients were divided into a survival group ( = 73) and a non-survival group ( = 29) according to their prognosis.

Update on recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.

Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus infection pneumonia in Wuhan City, China, in late 2019, such cases have been gradually reported in other parts of China and abroad. Children have become susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of their immature immune function. As the outbreak has progressed, more cases of novel coronavirus infection/pneumonia in children have been reported.

Circular RNA expression in the lungs of a mouse model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel endogenous RNAs with vital roles in the pathology of various diseases. However, their role in sepsis-induced lung injury is unknown. In this study, high-throughput gene sequencing was used to analyze the expression profiles of circRNAs in lung specimens of mice grouped by acute lung injury induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and sham.

Evaluation of organ function in patients with severe COVID-19 infections.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to assess organ function in 102 patients with severe COVID-19 infections, using retrospective clinical analysis.

Material And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 102 patients with severe COVID-19 infections. The patients were divided into a survival group (n=73) and a non-survival group (n=29) according to their prognosis.

Interstitial pneumonia as the initial presentation in an infant with a novel mutation of CD40 ligand-associated X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome: A case report.

Introduction: X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome is a type of primary combined immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations in CD40 ligand. Opportunistic infections caused by P jirovecii, cytomegalovirus (CMV), or fungi are frequently the first presenting symptom of the patients with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome.

Patient Concerns: Here, we report a 10-month-old infant who presented with cyanosis and shortness of breath.