Recent Advances in Antifreeze Peptide Preparation: A Review.

Antifreeze agents play a critical role in various fields including tissue engineering, gene therapy, therapeutic protein production, and transplantation. Commonly used antifreeze agents such as DMSO and other organic substances are known to have cytotoxic effects. Antifreeze proteins sourced from cold-adapted organisms offer a promising solution by inhibiting ice crystal formation; however, their effectiveness is hindered by a dynamic ice-shaping (DIS) effect and thermal hysteresis (TH) properties.

Cascading impacts of nitrogen deposition on soil microbiome and herbivore communities in desert steppes.

Human activities in the last century have intensified global nitrogen deposition, resulting in the degradation of ecosystem function and loss of biodiversity worldwide. Nitrogen addition is a crucial method for examining the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on species composition and structure of soil microbiome and biotic community, as exogenous nitrogen inputs can trigger cascading effects on ecosystem functions. In a 6-year experiment, we evaluated the impact of nitrogen addition on soil microbial-plant-insect systems in desert steppes.

Ultrahigh humidity-resistance ppb-level formaldehyde sensing at room temperature induced by fluorinated dipole based "umbrella" and "bridge".

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a major indoor pollutant that is extremely harmful to human health even at ppb-level. Meanwhile, ppb-level HCHO is also a potential disease marker in the exhalation of patients with respiratory diseases. Higher humidity resistance and lower practical limit of detection (pLOD) both have to be pursued for practical HCHO sensors.

Acceleration of uterine 3D T2-weighted imaging by compressed SENSE-a multicentre study.

Objectives: To find the optimal acceleration factor (AF) of the compressed SENSE (CS) technique for uterine isotropic high-resolution 3D T2-weighted imaging (3D-ISO-T2WI).

Methods: A total of 91 female volunteers from the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, and The Fourth Hospital of Harbin were recruited. A total of 44 volunteers received uterus sagittal 3D-ISO-T2WI scans on 3.

Emerging Directions for Carbon Capture Technologies: A Synergy of High-Throughput Theoretical Calculations and Machine Learning.

As the world grapples with the challenges of energy transition and industrial decarbonization, the development of carbon capture technologies presents a promising solution. The Scalable Modeling, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Rapid Theoretical calculations, referred as SMART here, is an interdisciplinary approach that combines high-throughput calculation and data-driven modeling with expertise from chemical, materials, environmental, computer and data science and engineering, leading to the development of advanced capabilities in simulating and optimizing carbon capture processes. This perspective discusses the state-of-the-art material discovery research enabled by high-throughput calculation and data-driven modeling.

AI for Nanomaterials Development in Clean Energy and Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS).

Zero-carbon energy and negative emission technologies are crucial for achieving a carbon neutral future, and nanomaterials have played critical roles in advancing such technologies. More recently, due to the explosive growth in data, the adoption and exploitation of artificial intelligence (AI) as part of the materials research framework have had a tremendous impact on the development of nanomaterials. AI has enabled revolutionary next-generation paradigms to significantly accelerate all stages of material discovery and facilitate the exploration of the enormous design space.

Advances in the study of aerobic glycolytic effects in resistance to radiotherapy in malignant tumors.

Aerobic glycolysis is a metabolic mode of tumor cells different from normal cells that plays an important role in tumor proliferation and distant metastasis. Radiotherapy has now become a routine and effective treatment for many malignancies, however, resistance to radiotherapy remains a major challenge in the treatment of malignant tumors. Recent studies have found that the abnormal activity of the aerobic glycolysis process in tumor cells is most likely involved in regulating chemoresistance and radiation therapy resistance in malignant tumors.

3D Printing and Performance Study of Porous Artificial Bone Based on HA-ZrO-PVA Composites.

An ideal artificial bone implant should have similar mechanical properties and biocompatibility to natural bone, as well as an internal structure that facilitates stomatal penetration. In this work, 3D printing was used to fabricate and investigate artificial bone composites based on HA-ZrO-PVA. The composites were proportionally configured using zirconia (ZrO), hydroxyapatite (HA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), where the ZrO played a toughening role and PVA solution served as a binder.

Interference with orco gene expression affects host recognition in .

Weise is an important insect pest of the Chinese licorice Fisch. Behavior of the beetle, including host location, oviposition site selection, self-defense, and aggregation, were regulated by plant volatiles or insect pheromones. In this study, Identification of ORs and function research on orco were carried out, these could lead to the development of understand for olfaction mechanism in .

Evaluation of physician performance using a concurrent-read artificial intelligence system to support breast ultrasound interpretation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance and the interpretation time of breast ultrasound examination between reading without and with the artificial intelligence (AI) system as a concurrent reading aid.

Material And Methods: A fully crossed multi-reader and multi-case (MRMC) reader study was conducted. Sixteen participating physicians were recruited and retrospectively interpreted 172 breast ultrasound cases in two reading scenarios, once without and once with the AI system (BU-CAD™, TaiHao Medical Inc.

Gradient Printing Alginate Herero Gel Microspheres for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture.

Hydrogel microspheres are widely used in tissue engineering, such as 3D cell culture and injection therapy, and among which, heterogeneous microspheres are drawing much attention as a promising tool to carry multiple cell types in separated phases. However, it is still a big challenge to fabricate heterogeneous gel microspheres with excellent resolution and different material components in limited sizes. Here, we developed a multi-channel dynamic micromixer, which can use active mechanical mixing to achieve rapid mixing with multi-component materials and extrude the homogenized material.

Milk Fat Globule Membrane Alleviates Short Bowel Syndrome-Associated Liver Injury in Rats Through Inhibiting Autophagy and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.

Background: The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), a tri-layer membrane structure surrounding the milk fat globule, has been shown to have immune-modulating properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MFGM supplementation in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS) associated liver disease and its possible mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: Twenty one male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, SBS (underwent massive small bowel resection), and SBS+MFGM (SBS rats supplemented with 1.

Association of rs11655237 polymorphism with pediatric glioma susceptibility in a Chinese population.

Background: Previous researches have suggested that rs11655237 C>T polymorphism might be correlated to cancer susceptibility. However, its correlation with pediatric glioma is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether rs11655237 C>T polymorphism is correlated with pediatric glioma.

Circular RNA in tumor metastasis.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of endogenous non-coding RNA that were discovered to regulate gene expression through multiple pathways. Metastasis remains one of the biggest obstacles in cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on circRNAs involved in cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis.

Rapid Development of Targeting circRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are circularized, single-stranded RNAs that are covalently linked. With their abundance in tissues and developmental stage-specific expression, circRNAs participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we discuss the development of circRNAs used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), focusing on recent discoveries and applications of exosomal circRNAs that highlight opportunities and challenges.

High-throughput transcriptome sequencing reveals extremely high doses of ionizing radiation-response genes in .

This study sought novel ionizing radiation-response (IR-response) genes in (). was divided into three groups and exposed to different high doses of IR: 0 gray (Gy), 200 Gy, and 400 Gy. Total RNA was extracted from each group and sequenced.

Evaluation of TP53/PIK3CA mutations using texture and morphology analysis on breast MRI.

Purpose: Somatic mutations in TP53 and PIK3CA genes, the two most frequent genetic alternations in breast cancer, are associated with prognosis and therapeutic response. This study predicted the presence of TP53 and PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer by using texture and morphology analyses on breast MRI.

Materials And Methods: A total of 107 breast cancers (dataset A) from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) consisting of 40 TP53 mutation cancer and 67 cancers without TP53 mutation; 35 PIK3CA mutations cancer and 72 without PIK3CA mutation.

Synthesis of Multisubstituted 1-Naphthoic Acids via Ru-Catalyzed C-H Activation and Double-Alkyne Annulation under Air.

An efficient [2 + 2 + 2] benzannulation of phthalic acids/anhydrides with two alkynes was developed for synthesis of multisubstituted 1-naphthoic acids via Ru-catalyzed C-H activation. The reaction preceded well using atmospheric oxygen as the sole oxidant with high atom/step economies. Facilitated by the free carboxyl group, the products can be easily converted to diverse polycyclic molecules.

Electrochemical immunosensor based on an antibody-hierarchical mesoporous SiO for the detection of .

The outbreak of food-borne pathogens has become a serious concern; therefore, the detection of pathogenic bacteria in food is required. Untreated, sensitive, and reliable sensors should be developed for the detection of (). In this study, a sensitive antibody-based electrochemical immunosensor was developed using antibody (Ab)-hierarchical mesoporous silica (HMS) bio-conjugates for label-free detection of low concentrations of .

Quantitative Urinary Proteome Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction.

Purpose: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a common obstructive disease. To investigate useful urinary biomarkers in UPJO children, the urinary proteome in UPJO infants is analyzed and it is compared with normal controls.

Experimental Design: A tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics study is performed to analyze the proteome of bladder urine (BU) and pelvis urine (PU) from unilateral UPJO infants with differential renal function less than 40% and they are compared with normal control urine (CON).

Milk Fat Globule Membrane Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function in a Rat Model of Short Bowel.

Background: The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) contains various bioactive components which have been shown to maintain gut barrier integrity. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of MFGM on intestinal barrier function and its possible mechanisms in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS).

Materials And Methods: Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 8 per group), consisting of Sham group and rats submitted to massive small-bowel resection then supplemented with either water (SBS) or 1.

Computer-aided diagnosis of liver tumors on computed tomography images.

Background And Objective: Liver cancer is the tenth most common cancer in the USA, and its incidence has been increasing for several decades. Early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease are very important. Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most common and robust imaging techniques for the detection of liver cancer.

The Effect of Atorvastatin on the Viability of Ischemic Skin Flaps in Diabetic Rats.

Background: Endothelial progenitor cells play a critical role in neovascularization. However, the mobilization, recruitment, and functional capacity of endothelial progenitor cells are significantly impaired in diabetes. Statins have been shown to augment the number and improve the function of endothelial progenitor cells.