CMPK2 promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation via mtDNA-STING pathway in house dust mite-induced allergic rhinitis.

Background: House dust mite (HDM) is the leading allergen for allergic rhinitis (AR). Although allergic sensitisation by inhaled allergens renders susceptible individuals prone to developing AR, the molecular mechanisms driving this process remain incompletely elucidated.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying HDM-induced AR.

Blood eosinophilia and a higher ethmoid sinus/maxillary sinus score ratio predict new-onset asthma in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Backgroud: Presently, the impact of Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) on asthma onset is unknown.

Aims: To evaluate the role of CRSwNP in asthma onset.

Materials And Methods: A total of 3107 CRSwNP patients were retrospectively screened from 1 January 2018, to 31 May 2021; 624 patients were enrolled.

[Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases exacerbated by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （2024, Chengdu）].

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-exacerbated respiratory disease （N-ERD） is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation, featuring chronic rhinosinusitis （CRS）, asthma, and intolerance to cyclooxygenase 1 （COX-1） inhibitors. The use of these medications can lead to an acute worsening of rhinitis and asthma symptoms. This condition has not yet received sufficient attention in China, with a high rate of misdiagnosis and a lack of related research.

The IL-31/CysLT2R axis is associated with itching in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Background: Itching is a troublesome symptom that disturbs patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). The molecular mechanisms underlying itching in AR need to be further illuminated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of epithelial cell-derived interleukin-31 (IL-31) in nasal itching in AR.

Prognostic factors for post-operative outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a systematic review.

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has a high recurrence rate after surgery despite the availability of medical treatments. Multiple clinical and biological factors have been associated with poor post-operative outcomes in patients with CRSwNP. However, these factors and their prognostic values have not yet been extensively summarized.

Chinese Expert Consensus on the Use of Biologics in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis (2022, Zhuhai).

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory disease in otolaryngology, mainly manifested as nasal congestion, nasal discharge, facial pain/pressure, and smell disorder. CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), an important phenotype of CRS, has a high recurrence rate even after receiving corticosteroids and/or functional endoscopic sinus surgery. In recent years, clinicians have focused on the application of biological agents in CRSwNP.

M2 Macrophages Upregulated by Allergen Exposure in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis.

Introduction: Macrophages play a central role in balancing the immune response by switching phenotypes between the M1 and M2 profiles according to a delicate equilibrium. Based on a previous clinical trial (NCT03649139), this study aimed to evaluate the change in M2 macrophages during pollen exposure in seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR).

Methods: Nasal symptom scores were recorded.

Investigation of the Value of T 2 Mapping in the Prediction of Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.

Objectives: Patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (eosCRSwNP) usually have more extensive sinus disease, severe symptoms, and poorer disease control compared with patients with non-eosCRSwNP. Separating these entities will be crucial for patient management. The purpose of this study is to investigate T 1, T 2 , and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the nasal polyps in patients with CRSwNP and evaluate the usefulness of these parameters for differentiating these diseases.

Analysis of nasal resistance regulation mechanism during postural changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea by measuring heart rate variability.

Study Objectives: Changes in nasal resistance (NR) during postural changes are influenced by venous filling pressure and autonomic nervous system mediation, and heart rate variability (HRV) can reflect changes in the autonomic nervous system. This study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanisms of NR in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during postural changes.

Methods: Healthy controls (apnea-hypopnea index < 5 events/h) and patients with OSA were recruited.

Influence of postural changes on nasal resistance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: Increased nasal resistance (NR) can augment upper airway collapse in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Posture change can lead to altered nasal resistance. Our study aimed to investigate the influence of posture changes on NR in patients with OSA.

Vitamin D Improves the Effect of Glucocorticoids on Attenuating Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-6 Production via TLR4/NF-κB Pathway in Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells.

Background: Glucocorticoid (GC) resistance results in unsatisfactory outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients. Previous studies have shown that calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, alone or in combination with corticosteroids, exerts crucial immunomodulatory effects on inflammatory responses. However, whether vitamin D can improve the effect of GCs to attenuate inflammation in the epithelium of CRSwNP remains unclear.

Comparison of Different Biologics for Treating Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: A Network Analysis.

Background: Several promising clinical trials have demonstrated the effects of type 2 biologics compared with placebos in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, there are no head-to-head randomized controlled trials (RCTs) between the biologics.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of different biologics used for the treatment of CRSwNP.

Hexamerin-2 Protein of Locust as a Novel Allergen in Occupational Allergy.

Background: Occupational exposure to locusts induces a high prevalence of allergic sensitization. However, knowledge on occupational locust allergens remains unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the allergens from locusts causing occupational allergies.

Chinese expert recommendation on transnasal corticosteroid nebulization for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis 2021.

Corticosteroids are efficacious in treating chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), but concerns on the potential side effects remain, especially for long-term usage of systemic corticosteroids. Accumulated evidence shows that transnasal nebulization may be a reasonable solution in balancing both efficacy and safety. However, no consensus or guideline has been formulated on the use of steroid transnasal nebulization in treating CRS.

Effects of Acute Alcohol Intake on Nasal Patency.

Background: Acute alcohol intake may influence nasal patency; however, there is lack of objective evidence.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute alcohol intake on nasal patency employing both subjective and objective measures.

Methods: A total of 31 participants were classified into 2 groups of non-heavy drinkers (n = 17) and heavy drinkers (n = 14).

[Neuroimmunomodulation in allergic rhinitis].

The role of neuroimmunomodulation in allergic diseases is a research hotspot in recent years. Allergic rhinitis（AR） is caused by overactive immune response to a foreign antigen in nasal mucosa. Immune cells release inflammatory mediators（including histamine, cytokines and neurotrophins）, which directly activate peripheral neurons to mediate nasal congestion, itching, sneezing, and other hyperresponsive symptoms.

Antihistamine premedication improves safety and efficacy of allergen immunotherapy.

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT)-associated adverse events are a major concern for safety and efficacy of AIT. Presently, there is no consensus to whether antihistamine premedication could improve such conditions.

Objective: To identify the superiority of antihistamine pretreatment in AIT.

Reduced Expression of Antimicrobial Protein Secretory Leukoprotease Inhibitor and Clusterin in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.

Introduction: Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) constitute the first line of defense against pathogenic microorganisms in the airway. The association between AMPs and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) requires further investigations. This study is aimed at investigating the expression and regulation of major dysregulated AMPs in the nasal mucosa of CRSwNP.

Blood eosinophil count combined with asthma history could predict chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp recurrence.

Background: The use of non-invasive clinical markers for predicting CRS recurrence is still not well investigated.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the comprehensive effects of non-invasive clinical markers on the recurrence of CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Materials And Methods: A total of 346 consecutive CRSwNP patients undergoing endoscopic functional sinus surgery were recruited.

The 15° reverse Trendelenburg position can improve visualization without impacting cerebral oxygenation in endoscopic sinus surgery-A prospective, randomized study.

Background: In this study we compared intraoperative bleeding and regional cerebral oxygenation in patients with different degrees of the reverse Trendelenburg position (RTP) during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Methods: In total, 120 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis treated by ESS were randomly assigned to the following 4 groups: a horizontal position (HP) group, and 5°, 10°, and 15° RTP (5-RTP, 10-RTP, and 15-RTP, respectively) groups. The primary outcome was the Boezaart grading scale (BS).

sublingual immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis: A multicenter, randomized trial.

Background: is the most common outdoor aeroallergen throughout Northern China; however, no multicenter study has investigated sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) as a treatment option for -induced allergic rhinitis (AR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an innovative SLIT for -related AR.

Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase 3 clinical trial conducted in China (NCT XXX).

[Study on the diagnosis of idiopathic rhinitis by cold dry air provocation].

This study aimed to compare the nasal response of cold dry air（CDA） provocation in patients with idiopathic rhinitis（IR） and healthy individuals, and further assess its ability in diagnosing IR. CDA provocation was performed among 15 healthy volunteers and 17 IR patients from Beijing Tongren Hospital Outpatient Department. Nasal symptom scores, total nasal volume（TNV）, total nasal resistance（TNR） and minimal cross-sectional area（MCA） were checked before and after the provocation.