Rapid NO Formation from N on Water Droplet Surfaces.

Nitrogen (N) has long been considered as stable atmospheric reservoir for N element and has a persistence time of hundreds of years. This study reveals that oxygen (O) at typical tropospheric concentrations can rapidly activate N, leading to substantial production of nitrous oxide (NO), the third most impactful greenhouse gas, at rates approaching 2.83±0.

Association of iron homeostasis-related gene polymorphisms with pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess associations between iron homeostasis-related gene polymorphisms and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), adverse pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal outcomes.

Methods: In total, 138 patients with GDM and 74 normal pregnancy controls were recruited. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to genotype single-nucleotide polymorphisms (H63D rs1799945, TMPRSS6 rs855791, GDF15 rs1059369, rs4808793, BMP2 rs173107, C282Y rs3811647, rs1800562, rs269853, TF rs8177240, TFR2 rs7385804, FADS2 rs174577, and CUBN rs10904850) in 12 candidate genes related to iron homeostasis.

Oxidation Mechanism and Toxicity Evolution of Linalool, a Typical Indoor Volatile Chemical Product.

Linalool, a high-reactivity volatile chemical product (VCP) commonly found in cleaning products and disinfectants, is increasingly recognized as an emerging contaminant, especially in indoor air. Understanding the gas-phase oxidation mechanism of linalool is crucial for assessing its impact on atmospheric chemistry and human health. Using quantum chemical calculations and computational toxicology simulations, we investigated the atmospheric transformation and toxicity evolution of linalool under low and high NO/HO· levels, representing indoor and outdoor environments.

Synergistic Catalysis of SO/TiO-CNT for the CO Desorption Process with Low Energy Consumption.

To address the issue of high energy consumption associated with monoethanolamine (MEA) regeneration in the CO capture process, solid acid catalysts have been widely investigated due to their performance in accelerating carbamate decomposition. The recently discovered carbon nanotube (CNT) catalyst presents efficient catalytic activity for bicarbonate decomposition. In this paper, bifunctional catalysts SO/TiO-CNT (STC) were prepared, which could simultaneously catalyze carbamate and bicarbonate decomposition, and outstanding catalytic performance has been exhibited.

Spontaneous Degradation of the "Forever Chemicals" Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) on Water Droplet Surfaces.

Because of their innate chemical stability, the ubiquitous perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been dubbed "forever chemicals" and have attracted considerable attention. However, their stability under environmental conditions has not been widely verified. Herein, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a widely used and detected PFAS, was found to be spontaneously degraded in aqueous microdroplets under room temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions.

Sodium alginate hydrogelation mediated paper-based POCT sensor for visual distance reading and smartphone-assisted colorimetric dual-signal determination of L-lactate.

Herein, we present a paper-based POCT sensor based on lactate dehydrogenase-mediated alginate gelation combined with visual distance reading and smartphone-assisted colorimetric dual-signal analysis to determine the concentration of L-lactate in yogurt samples. In this research, L-lactate was transformed into pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase. Pyruvate then triggered the gelation of a sol mixture, increasing the viscosity () of the mixture, which was shown as a decrease in the diffusion diameter on the paper-based sensor.

Kinase PIM1 governs ferroptosis to reduce retinal microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction triggered by high glucose.

Previous studies have implicated targeting Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (PIM1) as a preventive measure against high glucose-induced cellular stress and apoptosis. This study aimed to reveal the potential role and regulatory mechanism of PIM1 in diabetic retinopathy. Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) underwent high glucose induction, and fluctuations in PIM1 levels were assessed.

Application and evaluation of artificial intelligence 3D preoperative planning software in developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Background: Accurate preoperative planning is crucial for successful total hip arthroplasty (THA) for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of an artificial intelligence-assisted three-dimensional (3D) planning system (AIHIP) with two-dimensional templates in predicting acetabular cup size in THA for DDH.

Method: This study retrospectively analyzed image data from 103 DDH patients who had THA between May 2019 and August 2023.

HIO-HIO-Driven Three-Component Nucleation: Screening Model and Cluster Formation Mechanism.

Iodine oxoacids (HIO and HIO)-driven nucleation has been suggested to efficiently contribute to new particle formation (NPF) in marine atmospheres. Abundant atmospheric nucleation precursors may further enhance HIO-HIO-driven nucleation through various multicomponent nucleation mechanisms. However, the specific enhancing potential (EP) of different precursors remains largely unknown.

Iodine oxoacids enhance nucleation of sulfuric acid particles in the atmosphere.

The main nucleating vapor in the atmosphere is thought to be sulfuric acid (HSO), stabilized by ammonia (NH). However, in marine and polar regions, NH is generally low, and HSO is frequently found together with iodine oxoacids [HIO, i.e.

Safety and Effectiveness of Laser or Intense Pulsed Light Treatment for Early Surgical Scar: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of laser or intense pulsed light therapy for early treatment of surgical scar.

Methods: A literature search was conducted for relevant prospective, randomized controlled trials published in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Database, and VTTMS between January 2006 and January 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist was used to extract literature data.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes combined with gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel to promote fractional laser injury wound healing.

To investigate whether human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes combined with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel are beneficial in promoting healing of laser-injured skin wounds in mice. Supernatants of cultured human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) were collected to obtain human umbilical cord MSC-derived exosomes (HUC-MSCs-Exos), which were combined with GelMA hydrogel complex to treat a mouse fractional laser injury model. The study was divided into PBS group, EX (HUC-MSCs-Exos) group, GEL (GelMA hydrogel) group and EX+GEL (HUC-MSCs-Exos combined with GelMA hydrogel) group.

Nonacid Carbon Materials as Catalysts for Monoethanolamine Energy-Efficient Regeneration.

In the CO capture process, solid acid catalysts have been widely adopted to decrease energy consumption in the amine regeneration process owing to abundant acid sites. However, acid sites unavoidably degenerate in the basic amine solution. To address the challenge, nonacid carbon materials including carbon molecular sieves, porous carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene are first proposed to catalyze amine regeneration.

The contribution of industrial emissions to ozone pollution: identified using ozone formation path tracing approach.

Wintertime meteorological conditions are usually unfavorable for ozone (O) formation due to weak solar irradiation and low temperature. Here, we observed a prominent wintertime O pollution event in Shijiazhuang (SJZ) during the Chinese New Year (CNY) in 2021. Meteorological results found that the sudden change in the air pressure field, leading to the wind changing from northwest before CNY to southwest during CNY, promotes the accumulation of air pollutants from southwest neighbor areas of SJZ and greatly inhibits the diffusion and dilution of local pollutants.

An experimental study of the vascular embolism caused by recombinant type III collagen implants and hyaluronic acid.

Background: There are significant differences in the reported incidence of vascular complications that result from the injection of different soft tissue fillers. This study aimed to compare the risk of vascular embolism after recombinant type III collagen implants and hyaluronic acid (HA) injection into arteries.

Methods: Different concentrations of recombinant type III collagen and Restylane were injected into the central ear artery of rabbits, to construct an immediate embolization model.

Formononetin Inhibits Microglial Inflammatory Response and Contributes to Spinal Cord Injury Repair by Targeting the EGFR/MAPK Pathway.

Zhenbao Pill contains many Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients and has been proven to have therapeutic effects on the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI). This study attempts to investigate the role of formononetin (FMN), an ingredient of Zhenbao Pill, in regulating neuroinflammation after SCI and the underlying mechanism. Primary microglia isolated from the spinal cord of newborn rats and human microglial clone 3 (HMC3) cells were stimulated with IL-1β followed by FMN incubation.

Atmospheric Sulfuric Acid-Multi-Base New Particle Formation Revealed through Quantum Chemistry Enhanced by Machine Learning.

The formation of molecular clusters and secondary aerosols in the atmosphere has a significant impact on the climate. Studies typically focus on the new particle formation (NPF) of sulfuric acid (SA) with a single base molecule (e.g.

Counterintuitive Oxidation of Alcohols at Air-Water Interfaces.

This study shows that the oxidation of alcohols can rapidly occur at air-water interfaces. It was found that methanediols (HOCHOH) orient at air-water interfaces with a H atom of the -CH- group pointing toward the gaseous phase. Counterintuitively, gaseous hydroxyl radicals do not prefer to attack the exposed -CH- group but the -OH group that forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules at the surface via a water-promoted mechanism, leading to the formation of formic acids.