Synthesis and biological evaluation of Isosteviol derivatives as FXa inhibitors.

Firstly, a series of Isosteviol derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for FXa inhibitory activity. Among these compounds, the inhibitory activity of compounds 22, 35 and 38 on FXa was better than that of Isosteviol. Secondly, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays were performed for selected compounds.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of Vinpocetine derivatives.

A new series of Vinpocetine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity on PDE1A in vitro. Seven compounds with higher inhibitory activity were selected for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding experiments. Compared with Vinpocetine, these high potency compounds presented a higher binding affinity with PDE1A, which was consistent with inhibitory activity.

The synthesis and anti-metastatic effects of optical isomers of ionone alkaloid 9-(N,N-dimethyl)-4,7-megastigmedien-3-one.

Ionone alkaloid 9-(N,N-dimethyl)-4,7-megastigmedien-3-one (compound 1) is a new anti-metastatic natural product. However, it was previously reported as optical isomers mixture. Herein, the optical isomers (6a-6d) of compound 1 were synthesized.

Kirenol exerts a potent anti-arthritic effect in collagen-induced arthritis by modifying the T cells balance.

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by the imbalance of T cells, which leads to increased pro-inflammatory and reduced anti-inflammatory cytokines. Modulating the balance among T cells is crucial for the treatment of RA. Kirenol is a major diterpenoid components of Herba Siegesbeckiae, which has been applied for arthritic therapy for centuries.

Pseudolaric acid B inhibits inducible cyclooxygenase-2 expression via downregulation of the NF-κB pathway in HT-29 cells.

Purpose: Pseudolaric acid B (PAB) is a diterpene acid isolated from the root and trunk bark of Pseudolaric kaempferi Gordon. Previous work has found that PAB has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects in xenograft models of human hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects of PAB and its molecular mechanisms on HT-29 cells.

Three triterpenoid saponins acylated with monoterpenic acid from Gymnocladus chinensis.

A new triterpenoid saponin acylated with monoterpenic acid, together with two known triterpenoid saponins, has been isolated from the fruit of Gymnocladus chinensis Baill. Their structures were elucidated as 2β,23-dihydroxy-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-21-O-{(6S)-2-trans-2,6-dimethyl-6-O-[3-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-O-((6S)-2-trans-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2,7-octadienoyl)-β-L-arabinopyranosyl]-2,7-octadienoyl}-acacic acid 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1), gymnocladus saponin E (2), and gymnocladus saponin F(2) (3).

Kirenol upregulates nuclear annexin-1 which interacts with NF-κB to attenuate synovial inflammation of collagen-induced arthritis in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Kirenol is a diterpenoid compound purified from the Chinese Herba Siegesbeckiae. Siegesbeckiae has been employed for the treatment of arthritis for centuries, its safety and efficacy are documented through a long history of human use.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the effects on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and anti-inflammatory mechanism of kirenol.

A rapid and simple RP-HPLC method for quantification of kirenol in rat plasma after oral administration and its application to pharmacokinetic study.

A rapid and simple reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was developed and validated for the quantification of kirenol in rat plasma after oral administration. Kirenol and darutoside (internal standard, IS) were extracted from rat plasma using Cleanert™ C(18) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. Analysis of the extraction was performed on a Thermo ODS-2 Hypersil C(18) reversed-phase column with a gradient eluent composed of acetonitrile and 0.

[Studies on macrocyclic jatrophane diterpenes of Euphorbia kansui].

Objective: To study macrocyclic jatrophane diterpenes of Euphorbia kansui.

Method: The compounds were isolated and purified by various column chromatographic methods. Structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses.

Extract of Ganoderma lucidum potentiates pentobarbital-induced sleep via a GABAergic mechanism.

Ganoderma lucidum has been used for the treatment of a variety of diseases. For the first time here we report a detailed study on the mechanisms and effects of G. lucidum aqueous extract (GLE) on sleep and its sedative activity.

An anticancer effect of a new saponin component from Gymnocladus chinensis Baillon through inactivation of nuclear factor-kappaB.

Gymnocladus chinensis Baillon is widely distributed in China, and its fruits have been used in the treatment of rheumatism, furunculosis, soreness and swelling in traditional Chinese medicine for a long time. Few biological components were, however, isolated. In this study, a new triterpenoid saponin (GC-1) was extracted from the fruit of Gymnocladus chinensis Baillon and its biological actions were investigated.

[Chemical constituents from the mangrove plant Ceriops tagal].

Aim: To investigate the secondary metabolites of the mangrove plant Ceriops tagal.

Methods: Column chromatography techniques including HPLC were used for the separation and purification, and extensive spectral analysis including various 2D NMR spectra were employed for structure elucidation.

Results: Nine compounds, namely, tagalsins A (1), ent-5alpha-dolabr-4 (18) -ene-15S,16-diol (2), squalene (3), betulinic acid (4), lup-20 (29) -en-3-on-28-oic acid (5), betulin (6), lup-20 (29) -en-3-on-28-ol (7), beta-sitosterol (8), n-hexacosanylferulate (9) were obtained.

[Chemical investingation of Chinese mangrove Sonneratia apetala II].

Objective: Isolation and structural elucidation of the constituents of China mangrove Sonneratia apetala.

Method: chromatography methods were used for isolation of compounds, spectroscopic methods were used for structural identifyication.

Result: seven known compounds named (+/-) symgaresinol, betulinic acid, lupeol, lupeone, stigmast-5-ene-3beta, 7alpha-diol, beta-alpha myrin hexadecaneate, physcoion were isolated.

6-hydroxy-4-en-3-one sterols from the marine sponge Iotrochoto birotulata.

Five sterols with a nucleus skeleton of 6-hydroxy-4-en-3-one, namely cholesta-6beta-hydroxy-4-en-3-one (1), ergosta-6beta-hydroxy-4,24(28)-dien-3-one (2), ergosta-6alpha-hydroxy-4,24(28)-dien-3-one (3), ergosta-6alpha-hydroxy-4,22-E-dien-3-one (4), and ergosta-28-methyl-6beta-hydroxy-4,24(28)-dien-3-one (5) have been isolated from the marine sponge Iotrochoto birotulata, collected from the southern China sea. Sterols 2-4 are new compounds, and 1 has been isolated from marine organisms for the first time. The structures have been elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic and chemical properties.

Cerebroside analogues from marine-derived fungus Aspergillus flavipes.

From the mycelium of the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus flavipes, isolated from the sea anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica, two new cerebroside analogues, namely flavicerebrosides A (1): [(2S,2'R,3R,4E,8E)-N-2'-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-1-O-beta--galactopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine], and B (2): [(2S,2'R,3R,3'E,4E,8E)-N-2'-hydroxy-3'-octadecenoyl-1-O-beta--galactopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine], together with two known glycosphingolipids cerebrosides D (3) and C (4), were isolated. Their structures were identified by means of extensive spectroscopic analysis (IR, UV, 2D NMR, MS, CD) and chemical degradation. All four compounds showed cytotoxic activity against the KB cell line.

[Chemical constituents from Chinese marine sponge Cinachyrella australiensis].

Objective: To investigate the secondary metabolites from Chinese marine Sponge Cinachyrella australiensis.

Methods: Column chromatography techniques including HPLC were used for the separation and purification of the compounds, and extensive spectral analyses including various 2D NMR spectra were employed for structure elucidation.

Results: Nineteen compounds were obtained,including 2-methyoxy-6,12,15-trien-8-yne-octadecanoic acid (1), 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dibutyl ester(2), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl)ester(3), (-) (3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid(4), L-Tryptophan (5), p-hydroxylbenzaldehyde (6), p-hydroxyl-benzylethanol(7), p-hydroxyl-benzyl-propanol(8), cholesta-4-en-3-ol(9), 2-methyl-6-amino-9-(2-deoxy-beta-D- ribofuranosyl-purine(10), 2'-Deoxyadenosine (11), 6-amino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine (12),uracil(13), thymine(14), thymidine(15), 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl) uracil(16), 1-ethyl-alpha-(2-deoxy)-beta-D-ribofuranos(17),isolumichrome(18),and zarzissine(19).

Polyphenolic compounds from the leaves of Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.

From the fresh leaves of Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm (Sapindaceae), four new compounds, named ethyl p-trigallate (1), 3''-O-galloyl-4'-O-galloyl-4-O-galloyl-gallic acid (2), ethyl p-heptagallate (3) and 3''-galloylquercitrin (4), together with 12 known compounds namely catechin (5), galloylepicatechin (6), isorhamnetin (7), kaempferol-3-O-arabinopyranoside (8), quercetin-3'-O-beta-D-arabinopyranoside (9), quercitrin (10), methyl p-digallate (11), methyl m-digallate (12), p-digalloyl acid (13), m-digalloyl acid (14), hyperin (15) and kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (16) were isolated by extensive column chromatographic separation. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods. Compound 9 was not reported previously with pyranoside of arabinose at C-3'.