A one-pot electrochemical synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles from active methylene ketones and thioureas mediated by NHI.

The electrochemical preparation of 2-aminothiazoles has been achieved by the reaction of active methylene ketones with thioureas assisted by ᴅʟ-alanine using NHI as a redox mediator. The electrochemical protocol proceeds in an undivided cell equipped with graphite plate electrodes under constant current conditions. Various active methylene ketones, including β-keto ester, β-keto amide, β-keto nitrile, β-keto sulfone and 1,3-diketones, can be converted to the corresponding 2-aminothiazoles.

Atom- and step-economic 1,3-thiosulfonylation of activated allenes with thiosulfonates to access vinyl sulfones/sulfides.

A new type of organocatalyzed 1,3-thiosulfonylation has been developed to straightforwardly access highly functionalized vinyl sulfones, which features mild conditions, atom- and step-economy, practicability, conciseness, and environmental friendliness. Moreover, these valuable products can be transformed to vinyl sulfides a base-promoted isomerization. The versatile route can efficiently and rapidly introduce SCD groups with excellent levels of deuterium content (>99% D) by utilizing our newly developed SCD reagents.

Robust, scalable construction of an electrophilic deuterated methylthiolating reagent: facile access to SCD-containing scaffolds.

We have established a practical and concise method for the straightforward access of a universal deuterated methylthiolating reagent through a one-pot gram-scale operation under mild conditions. This odourless electrophilic SCD reagent was widely applied to react with numerous representative nucleophiles and approached various valuable SCD analogues with excellent levels of deuterium content (>99% D). The divergent further transformations were smoothly carried out to obtain the significant derivatives with different oxidative states in high efficiency.

Spin- and Valley-Dependent Electronic Structure in Silicene Under Periodic Potentials.

We study the spin- and valley-dependent energy band and transport property of silicene under a periodic potential, where both spin and valley degeneracies are lifted. It is found that the Dirac point, miniband, band gap, anisotropic velocity, and conductance strongly depend on the spin and valley indices. The extra Dirac points appear as the voltage potential increases, the critical values of which are different for electron with different spins and valleys.

Spatial valley separation in strained graphene pn junction.

Valleytronics in analogy to spintronics aims to use the electron valley degree of freedom to carry and manipulate information, and one of urgent tasks in this field is to generate valley-polarized electrons. In this work, we propose using the electron focusing effect in a strained graphene pn junction to separate valleys spatially through a beam of valley-unpolarized electrons, since the strain-induced pseudo-gauge potentials are opposite for K and [Formula: see text] valleys and severely affect the trajectories of K and [Formula: see text] electron propagation. We numerically simulate this valley-separated Veselago lens effect in a lattice model and demonstrate that pseudo-gauge potentials can efficiently control valley separation patterns.

Electrochemically Oxidative α-C-H Functionalization of Ketones: A Cascade Synthesis of α-Amino Ketones Mediated by NHI.

An efficient electrochemical protocol for the synthesis of α-amino ketones via the oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling of ketones and secondary amines has been developed. The electrochemistry performs in a simple undivided cell using NHI as a redox catalyst and a cheap graphite plate as electrodes under constant current conditions. Gram-scale reaction demonstrates the practicality of the protocol.

Electrochemically initiated oxidative amination of benzoxazoles using tetraalkylammonium halides as redox catalysts.

An electrochemically promoted coupling of benzoxazoles and amines has been developed, leading directly to the formation of 2-aminobenzoxazoles. The chemistry utilizes catalytic quantities of a tetraalkylammonium halide redox catalyst and is carried out under constant current conditions in a simple undivided cell. The use of excess chemical oxidant or large amounts of supporting electrolyte is avoided.

Descriptions of two new record species of Scutellonema (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from China.

From 2011 to 2012, we collected Scutellonema commune from the rhizosphere soil of coconut (cocos nucifera L.) and Scutellonema magniphasma from the rhizosphere soil of Rosa chinensis in Shenyang, China. S.

Ferritin heavy chain-mediated iron homeostasis and subsequent increased reactive oxygen species production are essential for epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in tumor progression. To obtain a broad view of the molecules involved in EMT, we carried out a comparative proteomic analysis of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1)-induced EMT in AML-12 murine hepatocytes. A total of 36 proteins with significant alterations in abundance were identified.

Comparative proteomic analysis of colon cancer cells in response to oxaliplatin treatment.

Colon cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Oxaliplatin, a third-generation platinum compound, is widely used in clinical chemotherapy of colon cancer. Although the mechanisms of the antitumor effect of Oxaliplatin have been investigated in recent years, the proteomic changes that are associated with the cellular response to this compound are poorly understood.

Comparative proteomic analysis of cell cycle-dependent apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor-beta.

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) can induce G2/M phase-dependent apoptosis and G1/S phase-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocytes, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated alterations in the global proteome using two dimensional gel electrophoresis of AML-12 murine hepatocyte cells after treatment with TGF-beta at several time points after synchronization in the G2/M or G1/S phase. Upon TGF-beta treatment, the expression levels of 44 proteins were found to be significantly changed in cells synchronized in the G2/M phase.

Comparative proteomic analysis of proteins involved in cell aggregation during neural differentiation of P19 mouse embryonic carcinoma cells.

Cell-cell interactions play a crucial role during embryogenesis and are enhanced during cell aggregation. P19 mouse embryonic carcinoma cells can differentiate into neural cells by the addition of retinoic acid (RA) or by overexpression of the Wnt1 gene, with both processes dependent on cell aggregation. To identify molecules involved in the cell aggregation process, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) was used to establish the cell aggregation-associated protein profiles.

Stain efficiency and MALDI-TOF MS compatibility of seven visible staining procedures.

Visible stain is still the most popular protein staining method used in proteomic approaches. However, most published data have been derived from comparisons between visible dyes and fluorescent dyes. In this work, we have focused on seven widely used visible staining procedures--Neuhoff CCB, blue silver, and five silver stains (LKB SN, He SN, Yan SN, Vorum SN, and Blum SN)--and studied their stain efficiencies and MALDI-TOF MS compatibilities on 1-D and 2-D PAGE.

Identification of candidate prostate cancer biomarkers in prostate needle biopsy specimens using proteomic analysis.

Although serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a well-established diagnostic tool for prostate cancer (PCa) detection, the definitive diagnosis of PCa is based on the information contained in prostate needle biopsy (PNBX) specimens. To define the proteomic features of PNBX specimens to identify candidate biomarkers for PCa, PNBX specimens from patients with PCa or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were subjected to comparative proteomic analysis. 2-DE revealed that 52 protein spots exhibited statistically significantly changes among PCa and BPH groups.

Differential display of proteins involved in the neural differentiation of mouse embryonic carcinoma P19 cells by comparative proteomic analysis.

Mouse embryonic carcinoma P19 cell has been used extensively as a model to study molecular mechanisms of neural differentiation in vitro. After retinoic acid (RA) treatment and aggregation, P19 cells can differentiate into neural cells including neurons and glial cells. In this study, comparative proteomic analysis is utilized to approach the protein profiles associated with the RA-induced neural differentiation of P19 cells.

Proteomics analysis of differentially expressed metastasis-associated proteins in adenoid cystic carcinoma cell lines of human salivary gland.

Metastasis is the most insidious and life threatening aspect of cancers. However little is known about the molecular mechanisms of tumor metastasis. A poorly metastatic Acc-2 cell line and highly metastatic Acc-M cell line were selected as an experimental model to study on metastatic mechanisms and antimetastatic procedures.

Novel chiral gallium Lewis acid catalysts with semi-crown ligands for aqueous asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reactions.

Asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reactions in aqueous media (water-ethanol = 9:1) were catalyzed by chiral gallium catalysts with semi-crown ligands to give aldol products with good yields, syn-diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities.