Fibrin sheath formation and intimal thickening after catheter placement in dog model: role of hemodynamic wall shear stress.

Purpose: To investigate the role of wall shear stress in aspects of the formation of fibrin sheath and intimal thickening in a dog model.

Methods: Tunneled silicone 14.5-F catheters were inserted into the left internal jugular vein in eight dogs.

Design of an expert system for the development and formulation of push-pull osmotic pump tablets containing poorly water-soluble drugs.

The purpose of this article was to build an expert system for the development and formulation of push-pull osmotic pump tablets (PPOP). Hundreds of PPOP formulations were studied according to different poorly water-soluble drugs and pharmaceutical acceptable excipients. The knowledge base including database and rule base was built based on the reported results of hundreds of PPOP formulations containing different poorly water-soluble drugs and pharmaceutical excipients and the experiences available from other researchers.