The plant-sucking insect selects assembly of the gut microbiota from environment to enhance host reproduction.

Plant-sucking insects have intricate associations with a diverse array of microorganisms to facilitate their adaptation to specific ecological niches. The midgut of phytophagous true bugs is generally structured into four distinct compartments to accommodate their microbiota. Nevertheless, there is limited understanding regarding the origins of these gut microbiomes, the mechanisms behind microbial community assembly, and the interactions between gut microbiomes and their insect hosts.

Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of the Protein Composition of the Brochosomes of the Leafhopper .

Brochosomes, unique coatings on the integuments of Cicadellidae, are synthesized in specialized glandular sections of Malpighian tubules. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the protein composition of brochosomes. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic and proteomic profiling to characterize the brochosome protein composition in the rice green leafhopper .

Insights into Brochosome Distribution, Synthesis, and Novel Rapid-Release Mechanism in (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae).

The leafhopper family Cicadellidae, comprising over 22,000 species, exhibits a unique behavior of anointing their bodies with excretions containing brochosomes. Brochosomes are synthesized in the distal segment of the Malpighian tubules and serve various functions, including hydrophobic protection and defense against pathogens and predators. In this study, we investigated the distribution, synthesis, and release mechanisms of brochosomes in the rice pest leafhopper .

Distribution, Vertical Transmission, and Cooperative Mechanisms of Obligate Symbiotic Bacteria in the Leafhopper (Hemiptera, Cicadellidea).

Many insects rely on ancient symbiotic bacterial associations for essential nutrition. Auchenorrhyncha commonly harbor two obligate symbionts: (Bacteroidetes) and a proteobacterial partner that supplies essential amino acids lacking in their plant-sap diets. In this study focusing on , we investigated the distribution and vertical transmission of two obligate symbiotic bacteria, and , within the leafhopper.

Diversity and Dynamics of Bacterial Communities in the Digestive and Excretory Systems across the Life Cycle of Leafhopper, .

is a notorious rice pest that harbors numerous symbiotic microorganisms. However, the structure and dynamics of bacterial communities in various tissues of throughout its life cycle remain unclear. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the bacterial communities in the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems of at different developmental stages.

A Novel Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium Isolated from the Midgut of the Leafhopper .

Nitrogen is a crucial element for the growth and development of insects, but herbivorous insects often suffer from nitrogen nutrition deficiencies in their diets. Some symbiotic microorganisms can provide insect hosts with nitrogen nutrition through nitrogen fixation. Extensive research has clearly demonstrated the process of nitrogen fixation by symbiotic microorganisms in termites, while evidence supporting the occurrence and significance of nitrogen fixation in the diets of the Hemiptera is less conclusive.

Roles of Bacterial Symbionts in Transmission of Plant Virus by Hemipteran Vectors.

The majority of plant viruses are transmitted by hemipteran insects. Bacterial symbionts in hemipteran hosts have a significant impact on the host life, physiology and ecology. Recently, the involvement of bacterial symbionts in hemipteran vector-virus and vector-plant interactions has been documented.

The Costs and Benefits of Two Secondary Symbionts in a Whitefly Host Shape Their Differential Prevalence in the Field.

Insects commonly harbor maternally inherited intracellular symbionts in nature, and the microbial partners often exert influence on host reproduction and fitness to promote their prevalence. Here, we investigated composition of symbionts and their biological effects in the invasive MED species of a whitefly complex. Our field surveys revealed that populations of the MED whitefly, in addition to the primary symbiont , mainly contain two secondary symbionts , which is nearly fixed in the host populations, and with infection frequencies ranging from 0 to 86%.

A newly recorded Rickettsia of the Torix group is a recent intruder and an endosymbiont in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci.

The bacterium Rickettsia is found widely in phytophagous insects and often exerts profound effects on the phenotype and fitness of its hosts. Here, we decrypt a new, independent, phylogenetically ancient Torix Rickettsia endosymbiont found constantly in a laboratory line of an economically important insect Asia II 7, a putative species of the Bemisia tabaci whitefly complex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and occasionally in field whitefly populations. This new Rickettsia distributes throughout the body of its whitefly host.

The inherited bacterial symbiont influences the sex ratio of an insect host.

In many intracellular symbioses, the microbial symbionts provide nutrients advantageous to the host. However, the function of , a symbiotic bacterium localized in specialized host cells (bacteriocytes) of a whitefly , is uncertain. We eliminate this bacterium from its whitefly host by two alternative methods: heat treatment and antibiotics.

Combination of dura turning-over and decompressive craniectomy: a new pattern of surgery for cerebral infarction caused by craniocerebral gunshot injury.

Background: Craniocerebral gunshot injury refers to a wound caused by a bullet passing through or lodged in brain tissue, resulting in the loss of function of a certain area or other fatal damage to the human brain. Craniocerebral gunshot injury is usually life-threatening and is very common in modern warfare, accounting for the majority of battle casualties. Most of the patients suffer from acute cerebral infarction caused by vascular injury.

Thermal sensitivity of bacteriocytes constrains the persistence of intracellular bacteria in whitefly symbiosis under heat stress.

Temperature affects the persistence of diverse symbionts of insects. Our previous study indicates that the whitefly symbionts confined within bacteriocytes or scattered throughout the body cavity outside bacteriocytes may have differential thermal sensitivity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.

Cellular and molecular remodelling of a host cell for vertical transmission of bacterial symbionts.

Various insects require intracellular bacteria that are restricted to specialized cells (bacteriocytes) and are transmitted vertically via the female ovary, but the transmission mechanisms are obscure. We hypothesized that, in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, where intact bacteriocytes (and not isolated bacteria) are transferred to oocytes, the transmission mechanism would be evident as cellular and molecular differences between the nymph (pre-adult) and adult bacteriocytes. We demonstrate dramatic remodelling of bacteriocytes at the developmental transition from nymph to adulthood.

Association of single nucleotide polymorphism rs2076185 in chromosome 6P24.1 with premature coronary artery diseases in Chinese Han population.

Objectives: To study the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2076185 in chromosome 6p24.1 with the premature coronary artery diseases (PCAD) in Chinese Han population.

Methods: A total of 1382 patients were divided into the PCAD group and the control group based on their coronary arteriography (CAG) results.

Differential tolerance capacity to unfavourable low and high temperatures between two invasive whiteflies.

Thermal response and tolerance to ambient temperature play important roles in determining the geographic distribution and seasonal abundance of insects. We examined the survival and performance, as well as expression of three heat shock protein related genes, of two species of invasive whiteflies, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED), of the Bemisia tabaci species complex following exposure to a range of low and high temperatures. Our data demonstrated that the MED species was more tolerant to high temperatures than the MEAM1 species, especially in the adult stage, and this difference in thermal responses may be related to the heat shock protein related genes hsp90 and hsp70.

Differential temporal changes of primary and secondary bacterial symbionts and whitefly host fitness following antibiotic treatments.

Where multiple symbionts coexist in the same host, the selective elimination of a specific symbiont may enable the roles of a given symbiont to be investigated. We treated the Mediterranean species of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci complex by oral delivery of the antibiotic rifampicin, and then examined the temporal changes of its primary symbiont "Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum" and secondary symbiont "Ca. Hamiltonella defensa" as well as host fitness for three generations.

Temporal changes of symbiont density and host fitness after rifampicin treatment in a whitefly of the Bemisia tabaci species complex.

Microbial symbionts are essential or important partners to phloem-feeding insects. Antibiotics have been used to selectively eliminate symbionts from their host insects and establish host lines with or without certain symbionts for investigating functions of the symbionts. In this study, using the antibiotic rifampicin we attempted to selectively eliminate certain symbionts from a population of the Middle East-Asia Minor 1 whitefly of the Bemisia tabaci species complex, which harbors the primary symbiont "Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum" and two secondary symbionts "Candidatus Hamiltonella defensa" and Rickettsia.

Associations between Lectin-like, oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 G501C and 3'-UTR-C188T polymorphisms with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: The background and purpose: Published data on the association between LOX-1 3'UTR C188T and G501C polymorphisms with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk are inconclusive. In order to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was conducted.

Methods And Subjects: Crude ORs with 95% CIs were used to assess the strength of association between these polymorphisms and CAD risk.

Prognostic value of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs as a valuable biomarker for patients with sepsis in ICU.

Background: Sepsis is a common complication of infections, burns, traumas, surgeries, poisonings, and post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The present study aimed to investigate prognostic value of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood of patients with sepsis.

Methods: Periphery blood from 28 patients diagnosed with sepsis was collected on day 1 and 7 after hospitalization in the ICU of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital between December 2013 to April 2014.

Differential responses of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci symbionts to unfavorable low and high temperatures.

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci complex contains many cryptic species, of which the Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED) are notorious invasive pests. In our field-collected whitefly samples, MEAM1 harbors an obligate primary symbiont "Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum" and two secondary symbionts, "Candidatus Hamiltonella defensa" and Rickettsia sp., whereas MED has only "Ca.

Oxidative stress status in umbilical cord blood from neonates born to mothers with atopic asthma.

Objective: Our objective was to assess the oxidative stress status and analyse the relationship between an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and the mediator release properties of cord blood basophils from neonates born to mothers with atopic asthma.

Methods: Cord blood was collected from the neonates of 16 asthmatic mothers and 18 healthy mothers Basophils were purified and stimulated by Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), hyperosmotic mannitol or peptidoglycan (PGN). Immunoblotting detected nuclear factor κB (NFκB) as a measure of functional receptor response.

Fungal infection after a tragedy: a report of three cases of candidosis in a fire accident.

Patients who suffer severe burns are at increased risk for local and systemic infections. The incidence of fungal infections has increased in recent years, and these infections represent a major issue in burn intensive care units. Herein, we report three cases of fungal infection due to Candida species occurring in patients undergoing supportive therapy and antibiotic treatment during their hospitalization.

[Nosocomial infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care unit].

Objective: To investigate the risk factors of nosocomial infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care unit (ICU), in order to provide reference for an effective measure of infection control.

Methods: A retrospective study of cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection occurring in ICU was made with multivariable Logistic regression analysis. The clinical data of 1 950 cases admitted from January 2002 to December 2006 were found to have nosocomial infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analyzed in order to identify its independent risk factors.

[Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation aggravates postangioplasty aortic restenosis in rats].

Objective: To observe the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on postangioplasty aortic restenosis in rats.

Methods: 48 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, balloon injury group, balloon injury and MSCs transplantation group. MSCs were pre-labeled by DAPI (25 microg/ml) and then infused into aorta through the balloon catheter (MSCs 2 x 10(6)/animal).

[Effects of rhubarb and different routes of nutrition support on invasive fungal infection].

Objective: To study the effects of rhubarb and the different routes of nutrition support on invasive fungal infection.

Methods: One thousand and ninety patients, who suffered from sepsis subsequent to trauma, shock and infection were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, 637 cases in rhubarb preventive treatment group and 453 cases in non-preventive rhubarb treatment group.