New chapter in reform and development of organ donation and transplantation in China: Embracing past, grounding in national conditions, upholding steadfast belief, and looking forward to future.

The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community.

Bioconjugation of nanozyme and natural enzyme for ultrasensitive detection of cholesterol.

When nanozymes are used in biological analysis, higher activity can improve the detection sensitivity, and better selectivity can eliminate other interference. To improve the specificity and sensitivity, we fabricated an innovative bioconjugated nanozyme with natural enzyme (BNNZ), in which natural ChOx was immobilized onto histidine-modified FeO (His-FeO) with hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a linker. ChOx could specifically catalyze the oxidation of cholesterol to generate HO molecule, and then the newly formed HO oxidized the colorless 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into blue ox-TMB by peroxidase-like His-FeO.

Exosomes Derived from M2 Macrophages Exert a Therapeutic Effect via Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Rats with Knee Osteoarthritic.

Macrophages are commonly classified as M1 macrophages or M2 macrophages. M2 macrophages are obtained by stimulation of IL-4 with anti-inflammatory and tissue repair effects. Exosomes are 30-150 nm lipid bilayer membrane vesicles derived from most living cells and have a variety of biological functions.

[Effects of Invasion on Soil Phosphorus Forms in the Jiaozhou Bay Wetland].

To investigate the effects of invasion on soil phosphorus(P) cycling in coastal wetlands, we selected a zone(SA zone) and mudflat zone(MF zone) in the Jiaozhou Bay as the target areas for the study. The variability of total phosphorus(TP), inorganic phosphorus(IP), and their component contents in wetland soils after invasion and their influencing factors was evaluated. The results showed that the average contents of TP(472.

[Output Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Non-Point Source Pollution of Typical Land Use in A Micro-Watershed in Hilly Red Soil Region].

Scientific identification of runoff output characteristics of different land use patterns is the premise of controlling non-point source pollution in watersheds. The hydrology and output process of non-point source pollutants of forest, planting, and construction land with different rainfall characteristics were observed using a micro-watershed in a low mountain and hilly region of Southern China. The results showed that land use affected the hydrological characteristics and water quality processes of runoff.

[Transition of Particulate Pollutant in the Parcel-based Catchment of Sponge City].

Most sponge city constructions in China are carried out in urban parcel-based catchments, and the quality and quantity of surface runoff can be controlled by several low impact development (LID) facilities. However, there are few reports on the generation and control of urban diffuse pollution. In this study, two areas with different hardening rates were compared to analyze the load conditions during the accumulation-wash-off-transport process of particulate pollutants.

[Pollutant Transport Analysis and Source Apportionment of the Entire Non-point Source Pollution Process in Combined Sewer Systems].

A comprehensive and scientific understanding of non-point source pollutant transport pathways and source apportionment in combined sewer systems is essential for managing and improving the urban water environment. This study analyzed build-up and wash-off processes of pollutants on road surfaces and in sewers within a catchment of combined sewer systems in a typical old district in Zhuhai. Besides, source apportionment of the entire urban non-point source pollution was investigated by using the mass conservation method.

[Evaluation of Effect of Urban Non-point Source Pollution Control on Porous Asphalt-Bio-retention Combined Roads].

Different combinations of low impact development (LID) technologies can be applied for control of urban non-point source pollution. There are currently few evaluations of urban non-point source pollution and pollution load reduction based on a combination of porous asphalt and bio-retention. Taking Shenzhen International Low Carbon City as an example, road-deposited sediments were collected prior to and after rainfall events.

[Spectral Analysis of Trace Fluorine Phase in Phosphogypsum].

Phosphogypsum, which contains more than 90% of the calcium sulfate dehydrate (CaSO4 · 2H2O), is a kind of important renewable gypsum resources. Unlike the natural gypsum, however, phosphorus, fluorine, organic matter and other harmful impurities in phosphogypsum limit its practical use. To ascertain the existence form, content and phase distribution of trace fluoride in phosphogypsum has important theoretical values in removing trace fluoride effectively.

A study on the association between C1GALT1 polymorphisms and the risk of Henoch-Schönlein purpura in a Chinese population.

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is the most common systemic vasculitis of childhood. The molecular etiology of HSP is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between polymorphisms in C1GALT1 gene and the risk of HSP in a Chinese population.

[Characteristics of heavy metal contamination in street dusts along the urban-rural gradient around Beijing].

Road-deposited sediment (RDS) is an important carrier of the diffused pollution. This study analyzed the influences of the urban-suburban-rural gradient (central urban, urban village, central suburban county, rural town, and rural village areas) on the content and chemical fractions of heavy metals. The concentrations of five heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in RDS in the central urban area were the highest, and the lowest concentrations appeared in the rural village area.

[Migration and transformation of heavy metals in street dusts with different particle sizes during urban runoff].

The heavy metal pollution in runoff caused by street dust washoff has been an increasingly prominent problem in the context of rapid urbanization in China. Based on measurement of heavy metal contents in street dusts with different particle sizes and an experiment of street dust washoff using simulated rainfall, we analyzed the role of particle size of street dust in heavy metal pollution, and the variation in geometrical forms of heavy metals during street dust washoff. Our results showed that the heavy metal concentration decreased from "static" street dust to "dynamic" runoff particulate in the same diameter particles.

[Polymorphisms of Arg389Gly of β1-adrenergic receptor gene and essential hypertension risk: a meta analysis].

Objective: To evaluate the associations between polymorphisms Arg389Gly of β1-adrenergic receptor gene and essential hypertension risk.

Methods: "Hypertension", "polymorphism", "Arg389Gly" and "beta1-adrenergic" or "beta1-adrenoceptor" were used as key words to search the relevant publications between January 1990 and June 2011 in the databases of Pubmed, CNKI and Wanfang. Additional references cited in the retrieved articles were also evaluated.

Development of a novel method combining HPLC fingerprint and multi-ingredients quantitative analysis for quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine preparation.

A novel method combining high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint and simultaneous quantitative analysis of multiple active components was developed and validated for quality evaluation of one type of traditional Chinese medicine preparations: Shuang-huang-lian (SHL) oral liquid formulation. For fingerprint analysis, 45 peaks were selected as the common peaks to evaluate the similarities among several different SHL oral liquid preparations collected from manufacturers. Additionally, simultaneous quantification of eleven markers, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, forsythiaside, scutellarin, baicalin, forsythin, luteoloside, apigenin, baicalein and wogonin, was performed.

Electrochemical real-time detection of L-histidine via self-cleavage of DNAzymes.

Herein, a rapid electrochemical biosensor for L-histidine based on highly specific, L-histidine-dependent DNAzymes is described. DNA with a single, sessile ribo-adenine, self-cleaves in the presence of L-histidine, allowing a ferrocene tag to transfer electrons to the electrode. The double-stranded DNA complex was chemi-absorbed to a gold electrode via a 3' terminal thiol.

[Associations of polymorphisms of methionine synthase A2756G and methionine synthase reductase G66A with the risks of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis].

Objective: To evaluate the associations between polymorphisms of methionine synthase(MTR) A2756G and methionine synthase reductase(MTRR) G66A and risk of coronary artery disease.

Methods: Literatures in Medline reporting the relationship between polymorphisms of MTR A2756G and MTRR G66A and risk of coronary artery disease from January 1990 to May 2010 were searched. A total of 14 relevant articles were selected and 13 of them met the criteria.

[The risk predictive value of high sensitivity C-reactive protein level for new hemorrhagic stroke events].

Objective: To study the risk prediction for new intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level.

Methods: In a retrospective, nested, case-controlled study, 323 cases of ICH were identified and matched with 646 controls. The hs-CRP levels at baseline were compared between the two groups.

[Analysis of the complication and prevention on treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compressive fractures by percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP)].

Objective: To analyze the reasons of the complications,and the measures taken for the prevention and treatment by percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for osteoporotic thoracolumbars vertebral compressive fractures.

Methods: From May 2004 to June 2008, 204 patients with 286 diseased vertebrae underwent PVP under the guidance of C-arm fluoroscopy, and 56 patients with complications included 18 males, 38 females, ranging in age from 58 to 93 years, with an average of 72 years. The condition of leakage of bone cement and complications was observed.

Mechanism of metal-independent decomposition of organic hydroperoxides and formation of alkoxyl radicals by halogenated quinones.

The metal-independent decomposition of organic hydroperoxides and the formation of organic alkoxyl radicals in the absence or presence of halogenated quinones were studied with electron spin resonance (ESR) and the spin-trapping agent 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO). We found that 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ) markedly enhanced the decomposition of tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH), leading to the formation of the DMPO adducts with t-butoxyl radicals (t-BuO* and methyl radicals *CH(3)). The formation of DMPO/t-BuO* and DMPO/*CH(3) was dose-dependent with respect to both DCBQ and t-BuOOH and was not affected by iron- or copper-specific metal chelators.

Metal-independent production of hydroxyl radicals by halogenated quinones and hydrogen peroxide: an ESR spin trapping study.

The metal-independent production of hydroxyl radicals (*OH) from H(2)O(2) and tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (TCBQ), a carcinogenic metabolite of the widely used wood-preservative pentachlorophenol, was studied by electron spin resonance methods. When incubated with the spin trapping agent 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), TCBQ and H(2)O(2) produced the DMPO/*OH adduct. The formation of DMPO/*OH was markedly inhibited by the *OH scavenging agents dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, formate, and azide, with the concomitant formation of the characteristic DMPO spin trapping adducts with *CH(3), *CH(CH(3))OH, *COO(-), and *N(3), respectively.