-Butyl Nitrite-Induced Radical Nitrile Oxidation Cycloaddition: Synthesis of Isoxazole/Isoxazoline-Fused Benzo 6/7/8-membered Oxacyclic Ketones.

A practical metal-free and additive-free approach for the synthesis of 6/7/8-membered oxacyclic ketone-fused isoxazoles/isoxazolines tetracyclic or tricyclic structures is reported through C-H bond radical nitrile oxidation and the intramolecular cycloaddition of alkenyl/alkynyl-substituted aryl methyl ketones. This convenient approach enables the simultaneous formation of isoxazole/isoxazoline and 6/7/8-membered oxacyclic ketones to form polycyclic architectures by using -butyl nitrite (TBN) as a non-metallic radical initiator and N-O fragment donor.

Development and validation of a novel non-invasive test for diagnosing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese children.

Background: With the exploding prevalence of obesity, many children are at risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Using anthropometric and laboratory parameters, our study aimed to develop a model to quantitatively evaluate liver fat content (LFC) in children with obesity.

Methods: A well-characterized cohort of 181 children between 5 and 16 years of age were recruited to the study in the Endocrinology Department as the derivation cohort.

Prediction of coronary artery lesions based on C-reactive protein levels in children with Kawasaki Disease: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Since coronary artery lesions (CALs) are the most severe complication of Kawasaki disease (KD), clinically speaking, early prediction of CALs is crucial. The authors aimed to investigate the predictive value of C-reactive protein (CRP) in predicting CALs in KD patients.

Methods: KD patients were divided into the CALs group and the non-CALs group.

Therapeutic Window of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) and its correlation with IVIG-resistant in Kawasaki Disease: a retrospective study.

Objective: To investigate the optimal timing of initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients.

Methods: KD patients were classified as the early group (day 1-4), conventional group (day 5-7), conventional group (day 8-10), and late group (after day 10). Differences among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA and Chi-square analysis.

Phylogenetically and catabolically diverse diazotrophs reside in deep-sea cold seep sediments.

Microbially mediated nitrogen cycling in carbon-dominated cold seep environments remains poorly understood. So far anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME-2) and their sulfate-reducing bacterial partners (SEEP-SRB1 clade) have been identified as diazotrophs in deep sea cold seep sediments. However, it is unclear whether other microbial groups can perform nitrogen fixation in such ecosystems.

Feasibility of balanced steady-state free precession sequence at 1.5T for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis in obese children and adolescents.

Objectives: To determine the feasibility of balanced steady-state free precession (b-SSFP) imaging for measuring hepatic steatosis in obese children and adolescents, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS) as reference standard.

Methods: 182 obese Chinese paediatric patients underwent conventional T1-weighted dual echo MRI, H MRS and b-SSFP imaging for non-invasive assessment of hepatic steatosis.

Results: There was a strong positive correlation between liver fat fraction (FF) on T1-weighted dual echo MRI and H MRS-determined liver fat content (LFC) (r = 0.

Fluoride Induces Neuroinflammation and Alters Wnt Signaling Pathway in BV2 Microglial Cells.

Fluoride is a common element in nature and our daily life, and excessive intake of this element can cause fluorosis and irreversible brain damage. The toxic effects of fluoride on the central nervous system may be attributed to the release of inflammatory cytokines and ROS. GSK3β is a key protein that modulates NF-κB activity and inflammatory cytokine levels and plays an important role in the Wnt signaling pathway.

[Diagnostic value of ultrasonographic examination for hepatic steatosis in obese children].

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of hepatic ultrasonography (US) for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in obese children, using ¹H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H MRS) as the reference standard.

Methods: A total of 162 obese children with age of 10.5 ± 2.

Comparison of magnetic resonance enterography, capsule endoscopy and gastrointestinal radiography of children with small bowel Crohn's disease.

The aim of this study was to compare magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) findings with those of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) or conventional gastrointestinal radiography (CGR) in pediatric patients with small bowel Crohn's disease. A total of 55 cases of small bowel Crohn's disease that were diagnosed through clinical, laboratory, surgical and histopathological findings were reviewed. Prior to the examination, children suspected of having other types of diseases of the small intestinal were identified.

Biomechanical analysis of the acetabular buttress-plate: are complex acetabular fractures in the quadrilateral area stable after treatment with anterior construct plate-1/3 tube buttress plate fixation?

Objective: The acetabular buttress-plate has been widely used in treating difficult cases with satisfying clinical results. However, the biomechanical properties of a postoperative acetabular fracture fixed by the buttress-plate are not clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties of stability after the anterior tube buttress-plate fixation of complex acetabular fractures in the quadrilateral area.

Quantitative evaluation of the axonal degeneration of central motor neurons in chronic cerebral stroke with diffusion tensor imaging.

Background: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can only show the degeneration-induced morphological changes but fail to quantitatively reveal the degree and extent of the axonal damage of nerve fibers. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has the ability to detect the diffusion of water molecules and thus suitable to the study of axonal degeneration of central motor neurons.

Purpose: To illustrate and quantitatively evaluate the axonal degeneration of central motor neurons in patients with chronic cerebral stroke.

Household solid fuel use and pulmonary function in an urban population in Shanghai, China.

Objectives: We examined the association between household solid fuel exposure and lung function in a densely populated district in urban Shanghai, China.

Methods: Spirometry was performed in 12 506 subjects, aged 18 and over, residing in the Putuo District in Shanghai, China, in a cross-sectional survey. Exposure to solid fuel use at home was assessed by an administered questionnaire, estimating duration and total amount of solid fuel use at home during the lifetime.

[Quantitative assessment of intrahepatic fat content in children and adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease].

Objective: To quantitatively evaluate clinical significance of intrahepatic fat (IHF) content in children and adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: Ninety-three obese children were enrolled in this study. Physical parameters, liver function, serum lipids, glycemic and insulin related parameters were measured.

Effect of leptin on bone metabolism in rat model of traumatic brain injury and femoral fracture.

Objective: To observe serum and callus leptin expression within the setting of fracture and traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: A total of 64 male SD rats were randomized equally into 4 groups: nonoperated group, TBI group, fracture group, and fracture+TBI group. Rats were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after fracture+TBI.

Imaging features of pediatric pentastomiasis infection: a case report.

We report here a case of pentastomiasis infection in a 3-year-old girl who had high fever, abdominal pain, abdominal tension and anemia. Ultrasound scanning of the abdomen revealed disseminated hyperechoic nodules in the liver and a small amount of ascites. Abdominal MRI showed marked hepatomegaly with disseminated miliary nodules of high signal intensity throughout the hepatic parenchyma on T2-weighted images; retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and disseminated miliary nodules on the peritoneum were also noted.

Long-term effects of work cessation on respiratory health of textile workers: a 25-year follow-up study.

Rationale: The degree to which chronic respiratory health effects caused by exposures to cotton dust and endotoxin is reversible after cessation of textile work is unknown.

Objectives: To investigate changes in lung function and respiratory symptoms after cessation of textile work and to determine whether past exposure to cotton dust and endotoxin or smoking history modify the associations.

Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study consisting of 447 cotton textile workers exposed to cotton dust and 472 unexposed silk textile workers, with a 25-year follow-up.

Alterations in pituitary-thyroid axis function among opioid-dependent subjects after acute and protracted abstinence.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in the pituitary-thyroid axis (PTA) and the time course of the hormonal alterations in subjects with opioid dependence after abstinence. Blood samples from in-patients with opioid dependence and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were collected. The severity of opioid abuse and of withdrawal symptoms was assessed.

Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in opioid dependent subjects: effects of acute and protracted abstinence.

Objectives: The function of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis during opioid dependence has been inconsistent. We compared HPA axis measures between subjects during methadone stabilization and drug-free detoxification with healthy controls.

Methods: Sixty heroin dependent patients received either non-opiate treatment (NOT) with benzodiazepines and clonidine (n = 30) or methadone stabilization treatment (MT, n = 30), and their serum levels of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol (COR) were measured and compared to those of healthy, nondependent controls.

Cross-shift airway responses and long-term decline in FEV1 in cotton textile workers.

Rationale: Acute airway response, measured as cross-shift change in FEV(1), to cotton dust may lead to subsequent chronic loss of lung function in exposed workers.

Objectives: To explore the association between the magnitude and frequency of cross-shift change and chronic loss of FEV(1).

Methods: Four hundred eight cotton workers and 417 silk workers from Shanghai textile mills were observed prospectively for 20 years, with cross-shift measurements at baseline and follow-up surveys at approximate 5-year intervals.

Screening for and genetic analysis on T-DNA-inserted mutant pool in rice.

T-DNA tagging technique has provided a powerful strategy for identifying new functional genes in plants, and the key for success is the discovery of T-DNA-inserted mutants with changed phenotype. In this study, we screened 4,416 rice T1 tagged lines generated by enhancer trap system integrated with GLL4/VP16-UAS elements from two transformed parents, ZH11 and ZH15. We found many lines showed obvious morphological mutations, including two types--fake-homozygous mutation and separating mutation.

Emergency department surveillance of occupational injuries in Shanghai's Putuo District, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: Although the People's Republic of China has an enormous worker population, occupational injury data availability has been hindered by the lack of a national surveillance system. This study compared work with non-work-related injuries by diagnosis, cause, and demographic characteristics of cases treated in a moderate-sized emergency department (ED) in Shanghai.

Methods: Data on all injury cases presenting to the ED were collected prospectively from November 1, 1998 through November 31, 1999 at the Putuo District Hospital.