A Facile Way to Form a Graded Halide Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells.

A light harvest layer composed of gradual change from formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI₃) to methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI₃) was fabricated using a novel two-step process. That is, a graded halide layer structure without extra processing steps is demonstrated. Conventionally, in the fabrication of MAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using two-step process, PbI₂ layer was the first deposited on a mesoporous TiO₂ coated substrate.

Three-dimensional electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells: synthesis of indium-tin-oxide nanowire arrays and ITO/TiO2 core-shell nanowire arrays by electrophoretic deposition.

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) show promise as a cheaper alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics for specialized applications, provided conversion efficiency can be maximized and production costs minimized. This study demonstrates that arrays of nanowires can be formed by wet-chemical methods for use as three-dimensional (3D) electrodes in DSSCs, thereby improving photoelectric conversion efficiency. Two approaches were employed to create the arrays of ITO (indium-tin-oxide) nanowires or arrays of ITO/TiO(2) core-shell nanowires; both methods were based on electrophoretic deposition (EPD) within a polycarbonate template.

Formation of barium strontium titanate thin films via electrophoretic deposition process.

Synthesis of crystalline barium stronium titanate (Ba(0.6)Sr(0.4)TiO(3)) nanoparticles and subsequent formation of thin films have been carried out.

Standing [111] gold nanotube to nanorod arrays via template growth.

Standing [111]-oriented crystalline gold nanotube (AuNT) and nanorod (AuNR) arrays using electrochemical deposition through template growth are reported. Segments of single crystal and bamboo-like crystalline AuNR arrays with growing direction of [111], having a diameter of 100-150 nm and a length of 10 µm, standing perpendicular to Ti metal foil substrates, are synthesized. The as-synthesized AuNTs and AuNRs are characterized by powder and five circle x-ray diffractometry, UV-visible molecular absorption spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.

Screening CYP3A single nucleotide polymorphisms in a Han Chinese population with a genotyping chip.

Human cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A is a major P450 enzyme found in the liver and gastrointestinal tract. It plays an important role in the metabolism of a wide variety of drugs, some endogenous steroids and harmful environmental contaminants. It has been shown that CYP3A alleles encoding enzymes with little or no activity are largely created by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the sequences of these genes.