Predicting 30-day mortality in severely injured elderly patients with trauma in Korea using machine learning algorithms: a retrospective study.

Purpose: The number of elderly patients with trauma is increasing; therefore, precise models are necessary to estimate the mortality risk of elderly patients with trauma for informed clinical decision-making. This study aimed to develop machine learning based predictive models that predict 30-day mortality in severely injured elderly patients with trauma and to compare the predictive performance of various machine learning models.

Methods: This study targeted patients aged ≥65 years with an Injury Severity Score of ≥15 who visited the regional trauma center at Chungbuk National University Hospital between 2016 and 2022.

Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score for Predicting Mortality among Older Korean Adults with Trauma: Is It Applicable in All Cases?

Background: This study aimed to validate the Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score (GTOS) for predicting mortality associated with trauma in older Korean adults and compare the GTOS with the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS).

Methods: This study included patients aged ≥65 years who visited the Chungbuk National University Hospital Regional Trauma Center between January 2016 and December 2022. We used receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration plots to assess the discrimination and calibration of the scoring systems.

Penetrating Head Injury Resulting From Wild Boar Attack in Republic of Korea: A Case Report.

Few cases of injuries caused by wild boars have been reported in the literature. Here, we present the case of a 64-year-old male patient who was attacked by a wild boar. The patient had a laceration to the right forehead and a penetrating wound in the area before the right auricle.

Successful endovascular treatment of an obstruction following the surgical repair of a traumatic portal vein injury: a case report.

Traumatic portal vein injury is rare, but the associated mortality rate ranges from 50% to 70%. The management of this injury is difficult and remains controversial. In this case report, we describe the successful endovascular treatment of an obstruction that developed following the surgical repair of a traumatic portal vein injury.

Intestinal obstruction caused by small bowel entrapment within a lumbar fracture: A case report.

Introduction: Intestinal obstruction associated with traumatic vertebral fracture is extremely rare. We report a case of obstructive small bowel injury caused by entrapment of the small intestine at the fracture site of the 5th lumbar vertebra due to trauma.

Case Presentation: A 55-year-old man fell from a height of 4 m and visited the emergency room of a local hospital with complain of back pain.

Successful superselective embolization with n-butyl cyanoacrylate for hemorrhage from superficial femoral artery branches following blunt trauma: Three case reports.

Introduction: In blunt traumatic superficial femoral arterial (SFA) injuries, hemorrhage from the branches without injury to the main artery is rare, but can lead to serious complications, such as compartment syndrome affecting the clinical outcomes. Although open surgical repair has been the standard approach to peripheral vascular injuries, endovascular treatment has become more refined and is now an alternative to open surgery, which potentially involves lower morbidity and mortality rates. However, management of arterial injuries, especially when they involve simple bleeding from small branches of the main artery, can be challenging, and the best treatment options for such injuries remains controversial.

Phosphorylation of carboxypeptidase B1 protein regulates β-cell proliferation.

A reduction in pancreatic islet β-cells leads to the onset of diabetes. Hence, the identification of the mechanisms inducing β-cell proliferation is important for developing a treatment course against the disease. It has been well established that post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins affect their functionality.

Aberrant Expression of TIMP-2 and PBEF Genes in the Placentae of Cloned Mice Due to Epigenetic Reprogramming Error.

Cloned mice derived from somatic or ES cells show placental overgrowth (placentomegaly) at term. We had previously analyzed cloned and normal mouse placentae by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify differential protein expression patterns. Cloned placentae showed upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), which is involved in extracellular matrix degradation and tissue remodeling, and downregulation of pre-B cell colony enhancing factor 1 (PBEF), which inhibits apoptosis and induces spontaneous labor.

Stand-Alone Cages for Anterior Cervical Fusion: Are There No Problems?

Objective: There are complications in stand-alone cage assisted anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), such as cage subsidence and kyphosis. Here we report our clinical result on ACDF, comparing with stand-alone cages and with cervical plate system for degenerative cervical spine diseases.

Methods: Patients with degenerative cervical disease who were diagnosed and treated in Konyang University Hospital between January 2004 and December 2014 were included in this study.

Malignant Glioma with Neuronal Marker Expression : A Clinicopathological Study of 18 Cases.

Objective: Malignant gliomas with neuronal marker expression (MGwNM) are rare and poorly characterized. Increasingly diverse types of MGwNM have been described and these reported cases underscore the dilemmas in the classification and diagnosis of those tumors. The aim of this study is to provide additional insights into MGwNM and present the clinicopathological features of 18 patients.

A Role of Serum-Based Neuronal and Glial Markers as Potential Predictors for Distinguishing Severity and Related Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: Optimal treatment decision and estimation of the prognosis in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is currently based on demographic and clinical predictors. But sometimes, there are limitations in these factors. In this study, we analyzed three central nervous system biomarkers in TBI patients, will discuss the roles and clinical applications of biomarkers in TBI.

Prognostic impact of molecular phenotype in patients with recurrent anaplastic glioma treated with prolonged administration of temozolomide.

We retrospectively investigated the prognostic impact of molecular phenotypes in patients with recurrent anaplastic glioma treated with prolonged administration of temozolomide (TMZ). Malignant gliomas have a dismal prognosis despite the available multimodal treatments. We reviewed 87 patients who were diagnosed with recurrent anaplastic gliomas between March 2004 and June 2010, and 58 were enrolled for analysis.

Treatment outcomes of surgical clipping for unruptured anterior circulation aneurysm-single institute experiences in the era of neurophysiologic monitoring and endovascular treatment.

Recently, the treatment of intracranial aneurysms entered a new phase due to safe surgical tool such as neurophysiologic monitoring and challenged by endovascular treatment. To determine the safety of clipping surgery in the modern era, we reviewed our experiences of simple unruptured anterior circulation aneurysm surgery which is commonly performed in many places. We retrospectively reviewed 610 consecutive patients who were treated with surgical clipping under motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring for a tiny to large anterior circulation aneurysm in a single institute between 2008 and 2012.

Proteomic Analysis of Bovine Pregnancy-specific Serum Proteins by 2D Fluorescence Difference Gel Electrophoresis.

Two dimensional-fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) is an emerging technique for comparative proteomics, which improves the reproducibility and reliability of differential protein expression analysis between samples. The purpose of this study was to investigate bovine pregnancy-specific proteins in the proteome between bovine pregnant and non-pregnant serum using DIGE technique. Serums of 2 pregnant Holstein dairy cattle at day 21 after artificial insemination and those of 2 non-pregnant were used in this study.

Outcome of gamma knife thalamotomy in patients with an intractable tremor.

Objective: Tremor is a common movement disorder that interferes with daily living. Since the medication for tremor has some limitations, surgical intervention is needed in many patients. In certain patients who cannot undergo aggressive surgical intervention, Gamma Knife thalamotomy (GKT) is a safe and effective alternative.

Can triggered electromyography thresholds assure accurate pedicle screw placements? A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy.

Objective: Triggered electromyography (t-EMG) for pedicle screw placement was introduced to prevent the misplacement of screws; however, its diagnostic value is still debated. This study aimed to clarify the diagnostic value of t-EMG and to compare thresholds.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, and 179 studies were identified.

Outcome of salvage treatment for recurrent glioblastoma.

Most glioblastoma (GBM) cases recur within a year and almost all cases recur at some point. Standard treatment for recurrent GBM has not yet been established. We investigated the outcome of various salvage treatments for recurrent GBM.

Outcome of radiosurgery for recurrent malignant gliomas: assessment of treatment response using relative cerebral blood volume.

Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) is efficacious for treating recurrent malignant gliomas as a salvage treatment. However, contrast enhancement alone on MR imaging remains difficult to determine the treatment response following GKS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiosurgical effect for recurrent malignant gliomas and to clarify if relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) derived from dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced (DSC) perfusion MR imaging could represent the treatment response.

Neuroendoscopic biopsy of pediatric brain tumors with small ventricle.

Purpose: Intraventricular endoscopic procedures to resect or biopsy peri- or intraventricular tumors may have not been used in patients with small ventricles due to the presumed difficulties with ventricular cannulation and the perceived risk of morbidity. The purpose of this study is to review the feasibility and safety of neuroendoscopic procedures in the biopsy of pediatric brain tumors with a small ventricle.

Methods: Between January 2006 and January 2013, 72 children were identified with brain tumors confirmed by transventricular endoscopic biopsy.

Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress improves mouse embryo development.

X-box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) is an important regulator of a subset of genes during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In the current study, we analyzed endogenous XBP-1 expression and localization, with a view to determining the effects of ER stress on the developmental competency of preimplantation embryos in mice. Fluorescence staining revealed that functional XBP-1 is localized on mature oocyte spindles and abundant in the nucleus at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage.

Detection of early pregnancy-specific proteins in Holstein milk.

Bovine pregnancy is commonly diagnosed by rectal palpation or ultrasonography and changes in progesterone concentration. To determine a simpler and less expensive diagnostic method, we sought to identify early pregnancy-specific proteins in bovine milk by comparing samples collected from pregnant and non-pregnant Holstein cattle. Of the 600-700 protein spots visible on 2-DE gel images, 39 were differentially expressed in milk from pregnant and non-pregnant cattle.

Cardiovascular risk assessment of atypical antipsychotic drugs in a zebrafish model.

The zebrafish model has been developed and evaluated for its ability to predict the toxicity of chemicals. Zebrafish additionally serve as an excellent model for assessing drug-induced cardiotoxicity, although zebrafish and mammalian hearts differ in structure. Recently, regulatory authorities have expressed concerns about a possible relationship between antipsychotics and risk of QTc interval prolongation, serious arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death.