Upregulation of immunoproteasome PSMB8 is associated with Parkinson's disease.

Background: Immunoproteasome, a part of ubiquitin-proteasome system, is involved in immune response as well as protein degradation. However, the relationship between immunoproteasome and Parkinson's disease (PD) was not evaluated clearly. We hypothesized that the shift of immunoproteasome attributes to PD pathogenesis due to its role in inflammation and protein homeostasis.

UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Dereplication to Identify Chemical Constituents of Leaves in Vietnam.

has been reported to contain a wide range of metabolites and produce many pharmacological effects. This research demonstrates the determination and evaluation of the phytochemical profiling of grown in central Vietnam. Methanolic extract of ivy had been analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS).

Multigram-scale HPLC enantioseparation as a rescue pathway for circumventing racemization problem during enantioselective synthesis of ethyl 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylate.

Racemic ethyl 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylate is a key synthon for the design of promising therapeutic drugs. It is mainly synthesized from racemic ethyl 2,3-dibromopropionate and 2-aminophenol in presence of K CO in refluxed acetone. Unfortunately, synthesis of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers using the enantioselective version of this reaction, which should normally be performed with a double S 2 mechanism, is unsuitable due to a racemization process involving the dehydrobromination of enantiopure ethyl 2,3-dibromopropionate into ethyl 2-bromoacrylate.

Enantiopure ethyl 2,3-dibromopropionate: Enantioselective synthesis vs preparative HPLC enantioseparation of racemate on multigram scale.

Racemic ethyl 2,3-dibromopropionate, commercially available at low price, is a key intermediate used in the synthesis of several heterocycle fragments, which are present in many biologically active compounds. Surprisingly, the enantiomers are not commercially available and have never been described in the literature. In this work, we undertook two different strategies to obtain these enantiomers, which are enantioselective synthesis and preparative HPLC enantioseparation of commercially available racemate on multigram scale.