In-depth correlation analysis between tear glucose and blood glucose using a wireless smart contact lens.

Tears have emerged as a promising alternative to blood for diagnosing diabetes. Despite increasing attempts to measure tear glucose using smart contact lenses, the controversy surrounding the correlation between tear glucose and blood glucose still limits the clinical usage of tears. Herein, we present an in-depth investigation of the correlation between tear glucose and blood glucose using a wireless and soft smart contact lens for continuous monitoring of tear glucose.

Repositioned versus exchanged flanged intraocular lens fixation for intraocular lens dislocation.

This study aimed to compare the outcomes of flanged intraocular lens (IOL) fixation with new IOL exchange after dislocated IOL removal and repositioned dislocated IOL in patients with IOL dislocation. Eighty-nine eyes that underwent flanged IOL fixation were retrospectively included, with 51 eyes in the exchanged IOL group and 38 eyes in the repositioned IOL group. In both groups, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and did not differ between the two groups at any of these time points.

Real-time in vivo monitoring of intraocular pressure distribution in the anterior chamber and vitreous chamber for diagnosis of glaucoma.

Glaucoma causes irreversible vision loss due to optic nerve damage and retinal cell degeneration. Since high intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucoma development, accurate IOP measurement is crucial, especially intravitreal IOP affecting the optical nerve and cells. However, conventional methods have limits in selectively and directly detecting local retina pressure.

Noninvasive Imaging of Conjunctival Goblet Cells as a Method for Diagnosing Dry Eye Disease in an Experimental Mouse Model.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a noninvasive conjunctival goblet cell (GC) imaging method for assessing dry eye disease (DED) in an experimental mouse model.

Methods: Moxifloxacin-based fluorescence microscopy (MBFM) was used to examine GCs noninvasively in 56 mice. Forty-two (42) DED-induced mice were divided into 2 groups and treated topically for 14 days with cyclosporine (CsA) or normal saline (NS).

Clinical Evaluation of a Hydrophobic Intraocular Lens Using a Preloaded Automated Injector in a Korean Population.

Purpose: This study assessed post-market clinical outcomes of the Clareon monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) preloaded in the AutonoMe Delivery System in a real-world setting of Korean patients.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter, single-arm study in Korea was conducted from July 2020 to December 2021. Patients were ≥20 years old with unilateral or bilateral cataracts who received Clareon IOLs (CNA0T0) preloaded in an automated injector system.

Efficacy and safety of 1% and 2% rebamipide clear solution in dry eye disease: a multicenter randomized trial.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of 1% and 2% rebamipide clear solution in the treatment of dry eye disease (DED).

Methods: Two hundred twenty patients with DED were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the 1% rebamipide, 2% rebamipide, or placebo (eye drops containing the same ingredients, except for the active components). Each eye drop was instilled four times daily for 12 weeks.

The subjective controllability of exotropia and its effect on surgical outcomes in patients with intermittent exotropia.

Background/aims: We evaluate the clinical characteristics of intermittent exotropia with controllability and compare surgical outcomes between patients with and without controllability.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients aged 6-18 years with intermittent exotropia who underwent surgery between September 2015 and September 2021. Controllability was defined as the patient's subjective awareness of exotropia or diplopia associated with the presence of exotropia and ability to instinctively correct the ocular exodeviation.

A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Evaluation of the Efficacy of TJO-087 Versus 0.05% Cyclosporine A in Moderate to Severe Dry Eye.

To compare the efficacy and ocular tolerability of a 0.08% nanoemulsion cyclosporine A (CsA) (TJO-087) once daily versus a conventional 0.05% emulsion CsA twice daily in dry eye disease.

Development of Müller cell-based 3D biomimetic model using bioprinting technology.

Müller cells are the principal glial cells for the maintenance of structural stability and metabolic homeostasis in the human retina. Although variousexperiments using two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell cultures have been performed, the results provided only limited results because of the lack of 3D structural environment and different cellular morphology. We studied a Müller cell-based 3D biomimetic model for use in experiments on the-like functions of Müller cells within the sensory retina.

Wireless Non-Invasive Monitoring of Cholesterol Using a Smart Contact Lens.

Herein, a wireless and soft smart contact lens that enables real-time quantitative recording of cholesterol in tear fluids for the monitoring of patients with hyperlipidemia using a smartphone is reported. This contact lens incorporates an electrochemical biosensor for the continuous detection of cholesterol concentrations, stretchable antenna, and integrated circuits for wireless communication, which makes a smartphone the only device required to operate this lens remotely without obstructing the wearer's vision. The hyperlipidemia rabbit model is utilized to confirm the correlation between cholesterol levels in tear fluid and blood and to confirm the feasibility of this smart contact lens for diagnostic application of cholesterol-related diseases.

Moxifloxacin-Based Extended Depth-of-Field Fluorescence Microscopy for Real-Time Conjunctival Goblet Cell Examination.

Conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs) are mucin-secreting cells in the eye and play essential roles for ocular surface homeostasis. Since various ocular surface pathologies are related to CGC dysfunction, CGC examination is important for the evaluation of ocular surface conditions. Recently we introduced moxifloxacin-based fluorescence microscopy (MBFM) for non-invasive CGC imaging.

A randomized multicenter clinical evaluation of sequential application of 0.3% and 0.15% hyaluronic acid for treatment of dry eye.

Purpose: We report the clinical efficacy of sequential applications of 0.3% and 0.15% unpreserved hyaluronic acid (HA) for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED).

Comparison of a preservative-free nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and preservative-free corticosteroid after uneventful cataract surgery: multicenter, randomized, evaluator-blinded clinical trial.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroidal eyedrops for inflammation management after cataract surgery using slitlamp indicators.

Setting: 11 eye centers in South Korea.

Design: Randomized prospective multicenter study with a blinded evaluator.

Real-time measurement of intraocular pressure variation during automatic intravitreal injections: An ex-vivo experimental study using porcine eyes.

Purpose: To measure needle insertion force and change in intraocular pressure (IOP) in real-time during intravitreal injection (IVI). The effects of needle size, insertion speed, and injection rate to IOP change were investigated.

Methods: Needle insertion and fluid injection were performed on 90 porcine eyeballs using an automatic IVI device.

A soft and transparent contact lens for the wireless quantitative monitoring of intraocular pressure.

Continuous detection of raised intraocular pressure (IOP) could benefit the monitoring of patients with glaucoma. Current contact lenses with embedded sensors for measuring IOP are rigid, bulky, partially block vision or are insufficiently sensitive. Here, we report the design and testing in volunteers of a soft and transparent contact lens for the quantitative monitoring of IOP in real time using a smartphone.

Sensor-Embedded Automatic Grasping Forceps for Precise Corneal Suture in Penetrating Keratoplasty.

In penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), the proper corneal suture placement is very important for successful transplantation and restoring functional vision. Generating sutures with accurate depth is difficult for the surgeon because of the tissue's softness, lack of depth information, and hand tremors. In this paper, an automatic cornea grasping device is proposed, which detects when the device reaches the target suture depth.

Quadruple ultrasound, photoacoustic, optical coherence, and fluorescence fusion imaging with a transparent ultrasound transducer.

Ultrasound and optical imagers are used widely in a variety of biological and medical applications. In particular, multimodal implementations combining light and sound have been actively investigated to improve imaging quality. However, the integration of optical sensors with opaque ultrasound transducers suffers from low signal-to-noise ratios, high complexity, and bulky form factors, significantly limiting its applications.

Smart contact lens and transparent heat patch for remote monitoring and therapy of chronic ocular surface inflammation using mobiles.

Wearable electronic devices that can monitor physiological signals of the human body to provide biomedical information have been drawing extensive interests for sustainable personal health management. Here, we report a human pilot trial of a soft, smart contact lens and a skin-attachable therapeutic device for wireless monitoring and therapy of chronic ocular surface inflammation (OSI). As a diagnostic device, this smart contact lens enables real-time measurement of the concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-9, a biomarker for OSI, in tears using a graphene field-effect transistor.

Ultra-stiff compressed collagen for corneal perforation patch graft realized by in situ photochemical crosslinking.

Despite the potential of a collagen construct, consisting of a major extracellular matrix component of the native cornea, as a patch graft to treat the corneal perforation, there has still been difficulty in acquiring sufficient mechanical properties for clinical availability. This study developed a novel in situ photochemical crosslinking (IPC)-assisted collagen compression process, namely, the IPC-C process, to significantly enhance the mechanical properties of the collagen construct for the development of a collagenous patch graft. For the first time, we found that compressed collagen construct was rapidly rehydrated in an aqueous solution, which inhibited effective riboflavin-mediated photochemical crosslinking for mechanical improvement.

Development of Contact Lens-Shaped Crosslinked Amniotic Membranes for Sutureless Fixation in the Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases.

Purpose: To develop a new method of manufacturing contact lens-shaped crosslinked amniotic membranes (AMs) using glutaraldehyde (GA) and dialdehyde starch (DAS) as crosslinking agents.

Methods: Amniotic membranes were placed on a curved plastic mold and crosslinked with either 4.5% DAS or 1% GA, after which their physical properties and biological safety were evaluated.

Retraction Note: Comparison of 0.05% cyclosporine and 3% diquafosol solution for dry eye patients: a randomized, blinded, multicenter clinical trial.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.