Microbiome in Is Vertically Stratified According to Microclimatic Conditions.

Lichens are miniature ecosystems that contain fungi, microalgae, and bacteria. It is generally accepted that symbiosis between mycobiont and photobiont and microbial contribution to the ecosystem support the wide distribution of lichens in terrestrial ecosystems, including polar areas. The composition of symbiotic components can be affected by subtle microenvironmental differences within a thallus, as well as large-scale climate differences.

Leucothrix arctica sp. nov., isolated from Arctic seawater.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a coastal seawater sample from the Arctic Circle and designated strain IMCC9719. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was shown that strain IMCC9719 belonged to the genus Leucothrix and was closely related to the type strains of Leucothrix pacifica (97.6 % similarity) and Leucothrix mucor (95.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Lobaric Acid via Suppressing NF-κB/MAPK Pathways or NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.

Lobaric acid (LA) is a constituent of the lichen . LA has multiple biological activities, including antibacterial and antioxidant ones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of LA and its mechanism on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages.

Planktotalea arctica sp. nov., isolated from Arctic seawater.

A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, non-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from an Arctic coastal seawater sample and was designated strain IMCC9565T. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IMCC9565T revealed that the closest phylogenetic neighbours of the strain were members of the genus Planktotalea. Furthermore, the strain formed a robust clade with Planktotalea frisia SH6-1T, with which it shared 97.

CspB of an arctic bacterium, Polaribacter irgensii KOPRI 22228, confers extraordinary freeze-tolerance.

Freezing temperatures are a major challenge for life at the poles. Decreased membrane fluidity, uninvited secondary structure formation in nucleic acids, and protein cold-denaturation all occur at cold temperatures. Organisms adapted to polar regions possess distinct mechanisms that enable them to survive in extremely cold environments.

Complete Genome Sequence of Cryobacterium arcticum Strain PAMC 27867, Isolated from a Sedimentary Rock Sample in Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica.

Cryobacterium arcticum PAMC 27867, a psychrotolerant, Gram-positive bacterium, was isolated from a sedimentary rock sample collected at Eureka Spurs in northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Here, we report the genome sequence of C. arcticum PAMC 27867.

Ramalin Isolated from Ramalina Terebrata Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesions in Balb/c Mice and Cutaneous Immune Responses in Keratinocytes and Mast Cells.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that involves eczematous skin lesions with pruritic erythematous papules. In this study, we investigated the mitigating effects of ramalin, a component of the Antarctic lichen Ramalina terebrata against AD in vivo and in vitro. Oral administration of ramalin lessened scratching behaviors and significantly reduced both serum immunoglobulin E and IL-4 levels, and mRNA levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in AD-induced Balb/c mice.

Ramalin inhibits differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and suppresses adiposity and body weight in a high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice.

Obesity is a serious global health problem. Natural substances that could be effective remedies for treatment of obesity, and which are relatively safe, are desired. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-obesity effect and the mechanism of ramalin in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice.

Complete Genome Sequence of Psychrobacter alimentarius PAMC 27889, a Psychrophile Isolated from an Antarctic Rock Sample.

Psychrobacter alimentarius PAMC 27889, a Gram-negative, psychrophilic bacterium, was isolated from an Antarctic rock sample. Here, we report the complete genome of P. alimentarius PAMC 27889, which has the nonmevalonate methylerythritol phosphate pathway of terpenoid biosynthesis and a complete gene cluster for benzoate degradation.

Reclassification of Halomonas caseinilytica Wu et al. 2008 as a later synonym of Halomonas sinaiensis Romano et al. 2007, and emendation of the species description.

The taxonomic relationship between Halomonas sinaiensis DSM 18067(T) and Halomonas caseinilytica JCM 14802(T) has not been established, despite the high similarity (99.6 %) of their 16S rRNA gene sequences. To clarify their taxonomic positions, a polyphasic approach was applied to both type strains.

Complete genome sequence of Pedobacter cryoconitis PAMC 27485, a CRISPR-Cas system-containing psychrophile isolated from Antarctica.

Pedobacter cryoconitis PAMC 27485, an aerobic, Gram-negative, facultatively psychrophilic bacterium, was isolated from Antarctic soil. Here we report the complete genome of P. cryoconitis PAMC 27485, which contains a type II CRISPR-Cas system and genes encoding useful enzymes (e.

Complete genome sequence of Halocynthiibacter arcticus PAMC 20958(T) from an Arctic marine sediment sample.

Here, we present the first complete genome sequence of the strain PAMC 20958(T) from the genus Halocynthiibacter. Halocynthiibacter arcticus PAMC 20958(T), isolated from a marine sediment of the Arctic, is a gram-negative, aerobic, and rod-shaped bacterium. The complete genome contains 4,329,554 base pairs with 53.

sp. nov., a marine bacterium from deep-sea sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and motile strain, designated PAMC 27536, was isolated from deep-sea sediment in the East Sea, Korea. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain showed an affiliation with the genus . Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain PAMC 27536 was related most closely to CL-YJ9 with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.

Lobaric Acid Inhibits VCAM-1 Expression in TNF-α-Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Modulation of NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways.

Lichens have been known to possess multiple biological activities, including anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. Hence, VCAM-1 is a possible therapeutic target in the treatment of the inflammatory disease.

Ramalin-Mediated Apoptosis Is Enhanced by Autophagy Inhibition in Human Breast Cancer Cells.

Breast cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, is treated in various ways. Ramalin is a chemical compound derived from the Antarctic lichen Ramalina terebrata and is known to exhibit antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. However, its effect on breast cancer cells remains unknown.

Inhibition of VCAM-1 expression on mouse vascular smooth muscle cells by lobastin via downregulation of p38, ERK 1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, the progression of which is associated with the increased expression of cell adhesion molecules on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Lobastin is a new pseudodepsidone isolated from Stereocaulon alpinum, Antarctic lichen, which is known to have antioxidant and antibacterial activities. However, the nature of the biological effects of lobastin still remains unclear.

Domibacillus tundrae sp. nov., isolated from active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl.

sp. nov., isolated from Arctic marine sediment.

A Gram-staining-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium producing white colonies, PAMC 20958, was isolated from a marine sediment of the Arctic. PAMC 20958 grew at 10-27 °C (optimally at 21 °C), at pH 5.5-9.

Draft genome sequence of the psychrophilic bacterium Lacinutrix jangbogonensis PAMC 27137(T).

Lacinutrix jangbogonensis PAMC 27137(T) is a psychrophilic bacterial strain isolated from the marine sediment of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Here we present an annotated draft genome sequence of the strain PAMC 27137(T) which showed the narrower range in the growth temperature than other type strains of the genus Lacinutrix. The draft genome of 4,017,559bp with a G+C content of 30.

Sediminicola arcticus sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from deep-sea sediment, and emended description of the genus Sediminicola.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile strain, designated PAMC 27266(T), was isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Arctic Ocean. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain PAMC 27266(T) showed closest affiliation with the genus Sediminicola . Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain PAMC 27266(T) formed a robust clade with Sediminicola luteus CNI-3(T), with which it shared 98.