A new metric method for sex estimation using three-dimensional imaging of the nuchal crest.

In Walker's nonmetric method, the nuchal crest serves as the representative region for indicating sexual dimorphism in cranial bones. However, the accuracy of sex estimation using the nuchal crest is lower than that using other anatomical regions. Furthermore, because of the protruding processes and structurally challenging features characterized by uneven and rough surfaces, there is a lack of metric methods for sex estimation, making quantification challenging.

Femoral osteoporosis prediction model using autosegmentation and machine learning analysis with PyRadiomics on abdomen-pelvic computed tomography (CT).

Background: With the advancement of artificial intelligence technology and radiomics analysis, opportunistic prediction of osteoporosis with computed tomography (CT) is a new paradigm in osteoporosis screening. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of osteoporosis prediction by the combination of autosegmentation of the proximal femur and machine learning analysis with a reference standard of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Methods: Abdomen-pelvic CT scans were retrospectively analyzed from 1,122 patients who received both DXA and abdomen-pelvic computed tomography (APCT) scan from January 2018 to December 2020.

Pancreas CT assessment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma resectability: effect of tube voltage and slice thickness on image quality and diagnostic performance.

Objectives: To assess the resectability of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the evaluation of tumor vascular contact holds paramount significance. This study aimed to compare the image quality and diagnostic performance of high-resolution (HR) pancreas computed tomography (CT) using an 80 kVp tube voltage and a thin slice (1 mm) for assessing PDAC resectability, in comparison with the standard protocol CT using 120 kVp.

Methods: This research constitutes a secondary analysis originating from a multicenter prospective study.

Reducing contrast-agent volume and radiation dose in CT with 90-kVp tube voltage, high tube current modulation, and advanced iteration algorithm.

Increasing utilization of computed tomography (CT) has raised concerns regarding CT radiation dose and technology has been developed to achieve an appropriate balance between image quality, radiation dose, and the amount of contrast material. This study was planned to evaluate the image quality and radiation dose in pancreatic dynamic computed tomography (PDCT) with 90-kVp tube voltage and reduction of the standard amount of contrast agent, compared with 100-kVp PDCT of the research hospital's convention. Total of 51 patients with both CT protocols were included.

High-resolution pancreatic computed tomography for assessing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma resectability: a multicenter prospective study.

Objective: This prospective multicenter study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 80-kVp thin-section pancreatic CT in determining pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resectability according to the recent National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled surgical resection candidates for PDAC from six tertiary referral hospitals (study identifier: NCT03895177). All participants underwent pancreatic CT using 80 kVp tube voltage with 1-mm reconstruction interval.

Arterio-Biliary Fistula as a Rare Life-Threatening Complication of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt: A Case Report.

A 46-year-old male with alcoholic liver cirrhosis underwent a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for refractory ascites. On the 9th day after the procedure, he presented with melena and decreasing hemoglobin levels. Hemobilia due to fistula formation between the right intrahepatic bile duct and right hepatic artery was suspected on computed tomography.

Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of 2D and 3D measurements to determine opportunistic screening of osteoporosis using the proximal femur on abdomen-pelvic CT.

Objectives: To compare the osteoporosis-predicting ability of computed tomography (CT) indexes in abdomen-pelvic CT using the proximal femur and the reliability of measurements in two- and three-dimensional analyses.

Methods: Four hundred thirty female patients (age range, 50-96 years) who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal-pelvic CT within 1 month were retrospectively selected. The volumes of interest (VOIs) from the femoral head to the lesser trochanter and the femoral neck were expressed as 3DFemur.

Diagnostic Performance of 2-D Shear Wave Elastography on the Evaluation of Hepatic Fibrosis with Emphasis on Impact of the Different Region-of-Interest Methods.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the different region-of-interest (ROI) methods of 2-D shear wave elastography (2-D SWE) on hepatic fibrosis diagnosis. In this retrospective study, 83 patients who underwent 2-D SWE with three ROI methods (a circle ROI, a box ROI and multiple ROIs in an elastogram) and transient elastography (TE) were included. Liver stiffness (LS) was measured five times with each ROI method.

Comparison of HU histogram analysis and BMD for proximal femoral fragility fracture assessment: a retrospective single-center case-control study.

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of HU histogram analysis (HUHA) to assess proximal femoral fragility fractures with respect to BMD.

Methods: This retrospective study included 137 patients with femoral fragility fractures who underwent hip CT and 137 control patients without fractures who underwent abdominal CT between January 2018 and February 2019. HUHA was calculated with the 3D volume of interest from the femoral head to the lesser trochanter.

Prediction of femoral osteoporosis using machine-learning analysis with radiomics features and abdomen-pelvic CT: A retrospective single center preliminary study.

Background: Osteoporosis has increased and developed into a serious public health concern worldwide. Despite the high prevalence, osteoporosis is silent before major fragility fracture and the osteoporosis screening rate is low. Abdomen-pelvic CT (APCT) is one of the most widely conducted medical tests.

Reliability of 3D image analysis and influence of contrast medium administration on measurement of Hounsfield unit values of the proximal femur.

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of 3D image analysis and the effect of an iodine contrast agent on the computed tomography (CT) Hounsfield unit (HU) values of the proximal femur.

Materials And Methods: Fifty female patients (mean age, 61.3 years; age range, 50-79 years) who underwent both pre- and post-enhancement abdominopelvic CT scans were included in this retrospective study.

Computed Tomography Findings Associated with Treatment Failure after Antibiotic Therapy for Acute Appendicitis.

Objective: To identify the CT findings associated with treatment failure after antibiotic therapy for acute appendicitis.

Materials And Methods: Altogether, 198 patients who received antibiotic therapy for appendicitis were identified by searching the hospital's surgery database. Selection criteria for antibiotic therapy were uncomplicated appendicitis with an appendiceal diameter equal to or less than 11 mm.

Comparison of point and 2-dimensional shear wave elastography for the evaluation of liver fibrosis.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the technical performance of ElastQ Imaging compared with ElastPQ and to investigate the correlation between liver stiffness (LS) values obtained using these two techniques.

Methods: This retrospective study included 249 patients who underwent LS measurements using both ElastPQ and ElastQ Imaging equipped on the same machine. The applicability, repeatability (coefficient of variation [CV]), acquisition time, and LS values were compared using the chi-square or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.

Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Sleeping Practices in Korea.

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Korea remains a poorly-understood subject for both professionals and the public. Recent reports have emphasized ethnic differences in SIDS rates, suggesting that making adjustments in child-rearing practices may contribute substantially to SIDS reduction. Two of the three major risk factors for SIDS-vulnerability of the infant and exogenous factors-need to be understood in particular depth due to their broad scope and sociocultural grounding.

Comparison of the diagnostic performance of CT Hounsfield unit histogram analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in predicting osteoporosis of the femur.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of Hounsfield unit histogram analysis (HUHA) of precontrast abdominal-pelvic CT scans for predicting osteoporosis.

Materials And Methods: The study included 271 patients who had undergone dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and abdominal-pelvic CT within 1 month. HUHA was measured using commercial 3D analysis software (Aquarius iNtuition v4.

Multicenter Phase II Study of Oxaliplatin, Irinotecan, and S-1 as First-line Treatment for Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer.

Purpose: Although gemcitabine plus cisplatin has been established as the standard first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC), overall prognosis remains poor. We investigated the efficacy of a novel triplet combination of oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and S-1 (OIS) for advanced BTC.

Materials And Methods: Chemotherapy-naive patientswith histologically documented unresectable or metastatic BTC were eligible for this multicenter, single-arm phase II study.

A dose-finding study for oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and S-1 (OIS) in patients with metastatic or recurrent gastrointestinal cancer.

Purposes: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended dose (RD), and activity of combined oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and S-1 chemotherapy for metastatic or recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.

Methods: Oxaliplatin and irinotecan were administered intravenously on day 1, and S-1 was administered orally on days 1-7, every 2 weeks. This phase I study used the following dose levels for oxaliplatin/irinotecan/S-1: level 1, 85/120/60 mg/m; level 2, 85/120/80 mg/m; level 3, 85/120/100 mg/m; level 4, 85/150/100 mg/m; and level 5, 85/180/100 mg/m.