Radiographic Evaluation of Ileal Pouch Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Background: Radiographic imaging of the abdomen and pelvis plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of ileal pouch disorders with modalities including CT, MRI, contrasted pouchography, and defecography.

Objectives: To perform a systematic review of the literature and describe applications of cross-sectional imaging, pouchography, defecography, and ultrasonography.

Data Sources: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane database.

Advances in CAR T Cell Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Since its first approval by the FDA in 2017, tremendous progress has been made in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, the adoptive transfer of engineered, CAR-expressing T lymphocyte. CAR T cells are all composed of three main elements: an extracellular antigen-binding domain, an intracellular signaling domain responsible for T cell activation, and a hinge that joins these two domains. Continuous improvement has been made in CARs, now in their fifth generation, particularly in the intracellular signaling domain responsible for T cell activation.

Biomechanical effects of reconstruction of the posterior structures after laminectomy with an individualized poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) artificial lamina.

Background: Laminectomy is a traditional method for treating lumbar diseases; however, the destruction of the posterior structures may cause postoperative symptoms. An individualized poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) artificial lamina was designed to reconstruct the posterior structures after laminectomy. This study aimed to explore the biomechanical effects of reconstruction of the posterior structures with an individualized PEEK artificial lamina using validated finite element models.

Unusual metastases of thyroid cancer to mediastinal blood vessels.

Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer is a rare thyroid cancer, accounts for approximately 5% of all thyroid cancer cases, and is associated with a poor prognosis. It commonly metastasizes to regional lymph nodes, lung, and bones. We present a patient with poorly differentiated thyroid cancer with unusual extensive spread to mediastinal blood vessels.

Rapid spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak detected in the gastrointestinal tract.

There are many causes of cerebrospinal (CSF) leaks. Most cases are secondary to blunt trauma and iatrogenic trauma caused by postoperative sequelae. Occasionally, CSF leakage may occur from nontraumatic or "spontaneous" causes, such as benign intracranial hypertension and "empty sella syndrome.

An unusual urine leak with urolithiasis.

Urine leaks usually result from blunt or penetrating trauma to the kidneys. Occasionally, urine leaks can be caused by back pressure from urinary obstruction caused by large urinary stones or a pelvic mass. We present the case of a 56-year-old man with an unusual urine leak caused by a small 2-mm renal stone.

Acute gangrenous cholecystitis diagnosed on gallium scan.

A 72-year-old male patient was hospitalized with diffused abdominal pain with worsening renal insufficiency, intermittent vomiting, and a spiking fever. Initial CT scan and sonography showed a dilated gallbladder with a polyp, but no calculi. A gallium scan with SPECT/CT revealed intense gallbladder uptake with a cold central area.

Glucocorticoid-induced suppression of β-cell proliferation is mediated by Mig6.

Glucocorticoids can cause steroid-induced diabetes or accelerate the progression to diabetes by creating systemic insulin resistance and decreasing functional β-cell mass, which is influenced by changes in β-cell function, growth, and death. The synthetic glucocorticoid agonist dexamethasone (Dex) is deleterious to functional β-cell mass by decreasing β-cell function, survival, and proliferation. However, the mechanism by which Dex decreases β-cell proliferation is unknown.