Antischistosomal activity of hederacochiside C against Schistosoma japonicum harbored in experimentally infected animals.

The present study was undertaken to investigate whether hederacochiside C (HSC) possesses antischistosomal effects and anti-inflammatory response activities in Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice. Different concentrations of HSC were administrated to the mice infected by schistosomula or adult worm by intravenous injection twice a day for five consecutive days. The total worm burden, female worm burden, and the egg burden in liver of mice treated with 400 mg/kg HSC were fewer than those in non-treated ones.

[Correlation between genetic differences of mates and pathogenicity of in definitive host].

Objective: To explore the correlation between the genetic dissimilarity and heterozygosity of mates and the pathogenicity of in the definitive host.

Methods: By using seven microsatellite loci markers, genotyping of sixteen pairs randomly mated was performed, the genetic dissimilarity and heterozygosity were calculated between the mates, and the correlation between the genetic dissimilarity and heterozygosity of the mates and the pathogenicity of in the definitive host was evaluated.

Results: There was a significant correlation between the genetic similarity of mates and the mean number of eggs per worm pair in the liver and intestinal tissue ( = 0.

Effect of photoperiod change on chronobiology of cercarial emergence of Schistosoma japonicum derived from hilly and marshy regions of China.

The chronobiology of cercarial emergence appeared to be a genetically controlled behavior, adapted to definitive host species, for schistosome. However, a few physiological and ecological factors, for example the change of photoperiod, were reported to affect the rhythmic emergence of cercariae. Therefore, the effect of photoperiod change on cercarial emergence of two Schistosoma japonicum isolates, the hilly and the marshland, was investigated.

Serological Prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum in Mobile Populations in Previously Endemic but Now Non-Endemic Regions of China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Schistosomiasis japonica has been resurging in certain areas of China where its transmission was previously well controlled or interrupted. Several factors may be contributing to this, including mobile populations, which if infected, may spread the disease. A wide range of estimates have been published for S.

A multifactorial analysis of the pregnancy outcomes in cytomegalovirus-infected women.

Aims: To investigate the impacts of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load, TORCH (toxoplasmosis, others, rubella, CMV and herpes) coinfections, CMV glycoprotein B (gB) genotypes and maternal genetic polymorphisms on pregnancy outcomes among CMV-infected women.

Methods: A total of 731 CMV-infected pregnant women (634 and 97 with normal and adverse pregnancy outcomes, respectively) were recruited. CMV load quantification and screening of TORCH coinfections were performed by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunodetection techniques, respectively.

[Cloning, expression and antigenic analysis of merozoite surface protein MSPDBL2-DBL2 domain from Plasmodium falciparum].

Objective: To clone and express the DBL domain of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein MSPDBL2(DBL2), and investigate its antigenicity.

Methods: The DBL2 fragment was amplified by PCR and cloned into pET28a vector. The recombinant pET28a-DBL2 plasmid was transformed into E.

Human babesiosis, an emerging tick-borne disease in the People's Republic of China.

Babesiosis is a typical zoonotic, emerging disease caused by a tick-borne intraerythrocytic protozoan of Babesia spp. that also can be transmitted by blood transfusion. Babesiosis imposes an increasing public-health threat.

[Effect of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel saponins against juvenile and adult Schistosoma japonicum in vitro].

Objective: To explore the effect of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel saponins (PRS) against juvenile and adult Schistosoma japonicum and to compare its efficacy with praziquantel (PZQ) in vitro.

Methods: 3 h, 7 d, 14 d schistosomula and 42 d adult schistosomes were incubated with 0, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 microg/ml PRS for 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours, then the states of them were observed. The changes of the surface of S.

Control efficacy of annual community-wide treatment against Schistosoma japonicum in China: a meta-analysis.

Backgrounds: Human schistosomiasis is caused by schistosome, with annual loss of over 70 million disability adjusted life years in the world. China is endemic with Schistosoma japonicum and large-scale chemotherapy with praziquantel has become the mainstay of control in China since 1990s. However, the control effects of mass treatment in the field have been uneven.

[Effect of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel saponins on eggs, miracidia and cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum].

Objective: To investigate the effect of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel saponins (PRS) against the eggs, miracidia, cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum in vitro and compare its efficacy with praziquantel.

Methods: ICR mice were infected with the cercariae of S. japonicum by the patching abdominal method.

[Preliminary study on molluscicidal effect of Euphorbia helioscopia L ethanol extracts against Oncomelania hupensis].

Objective: To study the influences of Euphorbia helioscopia L. on glycogen contents of Oncomelania hupensis so as to explore its molluscicidal mechanism.

Methods: The different polar factions of Euphorbia helioscopia L.

[Schistosomicidal effect of BTW5 on adult and juvenile Schistosoma japonicum in vitro].

Objective: To evaluate the killing effect of BTW5 on both juvenile and adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum in vitro.

Methods: The mice were infected with cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum obtained from infected Oncomelania hupensis. The juvenile worms were obtained from the liver and mesenteric veins of the mice by perfusion 18 d after the infection, and the adult worms were obtained from the liver and mesenteric veins of the mice by perfusion 5 weeks after the infection.

In vitro evaluation of schistosomicidal potential of curcumin against Schistosoma japonicum.

Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the dietary spice turmeric. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of curcumin against eggs, cercariae, pre-adults, and adults of Schistosoma japonicum compared to praziquantel. After incubated by different concentration of curcumin or praziquantel in different time, the percent hatching rates of eggs, the percent dead rates of cercariae, and the number of dead worms were observed.

Laboratory evaluation of the molluscicidal activity of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel saponins against the snail Oncomelania hupensis.

Objective: To observe the toxicity of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel saponins (PRS) against Oncomelania hupensis (O. hupensis).

Methods: O.

[Study on expression of Treg cells in attenuated Schistosoma japonicum cercariae immunized BALB/c mice].

Objective: To study the expression differences of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells between the attenuated cercariae immunized mice and the normal infected mice and discuss the immune protection mechanisms of the mice immunized with attenuated cercariae.

Methods: Forty female BALB/c mice were divided into 2 groups, group A, the attenuated cercariae immunized group (16 mices) and the group B, the normal cercariae infected group (16 mices), and the last 8 ones served as the blank control. The spleen cells and the ratios of PBMC's CD4+CD25+Foxp3+/CD4+CD25+T cells were compared between the attenuated cercariae immunized mice and normal mice injected by FCM and the Foxp3 expression levels in spleens and livers were assayed by IHC.

[Dynamic changes of early immune responses to attenuated Schistosoma japonicum cercariae induced in BALB/c mice].

Objective: To study the early immune activation and its dynamic changes between the attenuated cercariae immunized mice and the normal infected mice.

Methods: The dendritic cell surface molecules CD11c and T cell surface molecule CD25 expression differences and CD3+CD25+/CD3+ T ratio of the early spleen and/or lung of the attenuated cercariae immunized mice and normal mice were assayed and compared by FCM and IHC, and the immune activation and dynamics of T cells were analyzed.

Results: CD3+CD25+CD3+ T ratio in the spleen cells 7 days post-infection in the immunized group and the normal infected group were (19.

[Killing effect of sodium abietate on adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum in vitro].

Objective: To observe the killing effect of sodium abietate on adult male and female worms of Schistosoma japonicum in vitro.

Methods: The mice infected with cercariae of S. japonicum were sacrificed and perfused five weeks later, the adult worms obtained by the portal perfusion method, were cultivated in DMEM medium containing different concentrations of sodium abietate for 3 days, except the controls, then the worms were observed for the death and motility reducing.

[Localization of acetylcholinesterase in the nervous system of Cotylophoron indicum].

The nervous system of Cotylophoron indicum was studied by using acetylcholine esterase histochemical staining techniques. Cranial ganglia and transverse commissure situate at dorso-lateral body between oral sucker and genital sucker. From the cranial ganglia four pairs of nerves proceed cephalad and connect with nerve network of the oral sucker.

[In vitro co-cultivation of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites with rat brain astrocytes].

Purified astrocytes were cultured in plates. When astrocytes grew over 80% of the plate, tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain were added for co-culture. In the period of 0-72 h, change of the astrocytes and tachyzoites was observed after Giemsa staining.

[Transcription profile of PfRON4 gene in Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stage].

Objective: To reveal the transcription profile of PfRON4 gene in Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stage.

Methods: P. falciparum schizonts were purified by differential centrifugation on a Percoll-sorbitol gradient, after which the released merozoites were allowed to invade uninfected erythrocytes for 4 hours before the clearance of all remaining schizonts using 5% D-sorbitol.

PTK-pathways and TGF-beta signaling pathways in schistosomes.

Schistosome parasites have co-evolved an intricate relationship with their human and snail hosts as well as a novel interplay between the adult male and female parasites. Drug-induced suppression of female schistosome sexual maturation is an auspicious strategy to combat schistosomiasis since the eggs are the causative agent. Studies on signaling in schistosomes opens a new era for investigation of host-parasite and male-female interactions.

[Analysis of karyotype and preparation of C-band and G-band in Schistosoma japonicum].

Chromosomes of Schistosoma japonicum were prepared by usual air drying method, C-band and G-band were made by modified BSG method and enzyme digestion method respectively. Results showed that the karyotype of S. japonicum was 4m + 6Sm + 4St + 2sex chromosome and the C-band formula was 2n = 5CIt + 4CI(+) + 3CI + 2CT +2CT.

[CD4+CD25+high regulatory T cells in patients with autoimmune hepatitis].

Objective: To investigate the role of CD4+CD25+high regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis.

Methods: CD4+CD25+ high regulatory T cells and CD4+ T cells were measured by using flow cytometry in 16 patients with autoimmune hepatitis, 22 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 20 healthy blood donors. Foxp3 protein was detected by immunohistochemical assay in liver tissues from the patients with autoimmune hepatitis or chronic hepatitis B.

[Studies on haemocytes of Oncomelania hupensis].

Objectives: To establish method for collecting haemocytes of Oncomelania hupensis and study its morphology and immunological importance.

Methods: Referring to the method of haemocytes collection from peripheral lymphoid organ, suspension technique was used for collection of haemocytes from snails, which were then Giemsa-stained and observed under microscope. Stained by gentian violet, number of haemocytes was counted and compared with that of conventional squashing method and needling method by ANOVA and Dunnett-t test.

Inhibition of bacterial translation and growth by peptide nucleic acids targeted to domain II of 23S rRNA.

The objective of this work was to study the inhibitory effects of antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) targeted to domain II of 23S rRNA on bacterial translation and growth. In this paper, we report that PNA(G1138) or peptide-PNA(G1138) targeted to domain II of 23S rRNA can inhibit both translation in vitro (in a cell-free translation system) and bacterial growth in vivo. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) and the minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) are 0.