Development of Different Methods for Preparing Outer Membrane Vesicles Vaccine: Impact of Preparation Method on Protective Efficacy.

() is becoming a common global concern due to the emergence of multi-drug or pan-drug resistant strains. Confronting the issue of antimicrobial resistance by developing vaccines against the resistant pathogen is becoming a common strategy. In this study, different methods for preparing outer membrane vesicles (AbOMVs) vaccines were developed.

Toll-like receptors: Triggers of regulated cell death and promising targets for cancer therapy.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). It is well known that TLRs play an essential role in activating innate and adaptive immune responses. TLRs are involved in mediating inflammatory responses and maintaining epithelial barrier homeostasis, and they are highly likely to activate various signalling pathways during cancer chemotherapy.

Epitope-loaded nanoemulsion delivery system with ability of extending antigen release elicits potent Th1 response for intranasal vaccine against Helicobacter pylori.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains a global public health issue, especially in Asia. Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains and the complexity of H.

Intranasal immunization with immunodominant epitope peptides derived from HpaA conjugated with CpG adjuvant protected mice against Helicobacter pylori infection.

HpaA is considered to be an effective protective antigen for vaccination against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Oral immunization with HpaA significantly decreases bacterial colonization in H.

An immunopotentiator, ophiopogonin D, encapsulated in a nanoemulsion as a robust adjuvant to improve vaccine efficacy.

Unlabelled: As an ingredient of vaccines, adjuvants are indispensable for enhancing and directly inducing robust and extensive adaptive immune responses associated with vaccine antigens. In this study, we initially determined that a new molecular immunopotentiator, ophiopogonin D (OP-D), enhanced the antibody response to antigen. Because OP-D has certain disadvantages, including poor solubility, we next encapsulated OP-D in a nanoemulsion adjuvant (nanoemulsion-encapsulated OP-D, NOD) using low-energy emulsification methods.

Immune response effects of diverse vaccine antigen attachment ways based on the self-made nanoemulsion adjuvant in systemic MRSA infection.

Nanoemulsion adjuvants-based vaccines have potent induced immune responses against methicillin-resistant (MRSA) infection. However, the efficacies and immune responses of different antigen-attaching ways on self-made nanoemulsion adjuvants remain unknown. In this study, we designed three formulations of nanoemulsion adjuvants (encapsulation, mixture, and combination) to explore their immune response-enhancing effects and their underlying mechanism in a systemic infection model of MRSA.

Protective effects of a nanoemulsion adjuvant vaccine (2C-Staph/NE) administered intranasally against invasive pneumonia.

No licensed () vaccine is currently available. To develop an effective vaccine, we selected the recombinant proteins staphylococcal enterotoxin B (rSEB) and manganese transport protein C (rMntC) as vaccine candidates and formulated a 2C-Staph vaccine. Based on the optimised formation of nanoemulsion (NE) technology, we constructed a novel NE adjuvant vaccine, 2C-Staph/NE.

Induction of systemic and mucosal immunity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection by a novel nanoemulsion adjuvant vaccine.

The Gram-positive bacterial pathogen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause infections in the bloodstream, endocardial tissue, respiratory tract, culture-confirmed skin, or soft tissue. There are currently no effective vaccines, and none are expected to become available in the near future. An effective vaccine capable of eliciting both systemic and mucosal immune responses is also urgently needed.

Inhibited biofilm formation and improved antibacterial activity of a novel nanoemulsion against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans in vitro and in vivo.

The aim of this study was to prepare a novel nanoemulsion loaded with poorly water-soluble chlorhexidine acetate (CNE) to improve its solubility, and specifically enhance the antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans in vitro and in vivo. In this study, a novel CNE nanoemulsion with an average size of 63.13 nm and zeta potential of -67.