Brain radiotherapy combined with camrelizumab and platinum-doublet chemotherapy for previously untreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastases (C-Brain): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial.

Background: Brain metastases are a common complication in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lacking actionable driver mutations, with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of brain radiotherapy combined with camrelizumab and platinum-doublet chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed advanced NSCLC and brain metastases.

Methods: This multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial was done across nine tertiary hospitals in China.

Comprehensive characterization of the transcriptional landscape in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading dementia among the elderly with complex origins. Despite extensive investigation into the AD-associated protein-coding genes, the involvement of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and posttranscriptional modification (PTM) in AD pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we comprehensively characterized the landscape of ncRNAs and PTM events in 1460 samples across six brain regions sourced from the Mount Sinai/JJ Peters VA Medical Center Brain Bank Study and Mayo cohorts, encompassing 33,321 long ncRNAs, 92,897 enhancer RNAs, 53,763 alternative polyadenylation events, and 900,221 A-to-I RNA editing events.

Gut-liver translocation of pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae promotes hepatocellular carcinoma in mice.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is accompanied by an altered gut microbiota but whether the latter contributes to carcinogenesis is unclear. Here we show that faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using stool samples from patients with HCC spontaneously initiate liver inflammation, fibrosis and dysplasia in wild-type mice, and accelerate disease progression in a mouse model of HCC. We find that HCC-FMT results in gut barrier injury and translocation of live bacteria to the liver.

Oral administration of pioglitazone inhibits pulmonary hypertension by regulating the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in male rats.

The oral administrated thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been widely reported to alleviate experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, previous studies mainly focused on their beneficial effects on the cardiopulmonary vascular system but failed to determine their potential roles on gut microenvironment. This study aims to investigate the effects of pioglitazone, an oral TZD drug, on gut microbiome in classic PH rat models induced by hypoxia (HPH) or SU5416/hypoxia (SuHx-PH) and evaluate the therapeutic potential of supplementation of selective probiotics for experimental PH.

Pentraxin 3 promotes microglial M2 polarization and excitatory synapse formation in the hippocampus in depression.

Depression is a prevalent mental illness that significantly impairs individuals' overall quality of life and physical well-being. However, the pathological mechanisms of depression remain unclear, and effective treatment strategies are urgently needed. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a long pentraxin protein, plays a significant role in various pathological conditions, including infections, immune responses, and tissue repair.

Diagnostic Value of the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System Ultrasound in Ovarian Masses: A Two-Center Study.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) and Ultrasound (US) and its sub-classification system for distinguishing ovarian masses.

Methods: O-RADS US was used for the retrospective analysis of 606 ovarian masses of Chinese from two medical centers by two gynecologic sonographers with varying experience. The O-RADS 4 categories masses were further sub-classified into O-RADS 4a and O-RADS 4 b through three different approaches(O-RADS A1/A2/A3).

Enhancing the Built-in Electric Field in Oxygen Vacancies-Enriched I-Doped BiOCl for Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Oxidation.

In semiconductor catalysts, rational doping of nonmetallic elements holds significant scientific and technological importance for enhancing photocatalytic performance. Here, using a one-step hydrothermal technique, we synthesized iodine-doped BiOCl composite and evaluated the impact of iodine doping on its photocatalytic capability for organic dye degradation under visible light irradiation. In this study, we demonstrate that the introduction of iodide ions not only provides an ideal built-in electric field (BIEF) for BiOCl but also induces the generation of additional oxygen vacancies (OVs).

Chiral Mesostructured Yb3+, Er3+ Codoped CeO2 with Upconverted Circularly Polarized Luminescence.

Upconverted circularly polarized luminescence (UC-CPL) active organic and organic-inorganic composite materials have garnered increasing attention due to their vast potential applications in areas such as 3D displays, encryptions, spintronics and optoelectronic devices. However, effective methods for fabricating chiral inorganic materials exhibiting UC-CPL remain a challenge. Herein, we propose an approach for the synthesis of UC-CPL active chiral mesostructured CeO2 powders (CMCs) via a hydrothermal growth method, using L/D-aspartic acid as symmetry-breaking and structure-directing agents.

Zoledronic Acid Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Suppressing Macrophage NLRP3-Mediated Autophagy Pathway.

Introduction: Inflammatory factors leading to bone loss significantly increase the risk of tooth loosening or implantation failure. Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a widely used medication for effectively inhibiting excessive bone destruction, but its effect on alleviating inflammatory bone loss remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether ZOL alleviates inflammatory bone resorption through immunomodulatory effect.

Gut microbiota regulate insomnia-like behaviors via gut-brain metabolic axis.

Sleep interacts reciprocally with the gut microbiota. However, mechanisms of the gut microbe-brain metabolic axis that are responsible for sleep behavior have remained largely unknown. Here, we showed that the absence of the gut microbiota can alter sleep behavior.

Chronic hypoxia promotes pulmonary venous smooth muscle cell proliferation through the CaSR-TRPC6/ROCE pathway.

The mechanism underlying chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary venous remodeling remains unclear. Cell proliferation is key in vascular remodeling, and the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) protein contributes to CH-induced pulmonary venous smooth muscle cell (PVSMC) proliferation. In pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, CaSR and transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins interact, contributing to CH-induced cell proliferation via CaSR-TRPC1/6 signaling.

Prediction model for ocular metastasis of breast cancer: machine learning model development and interpretation study.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of breast epithelial cells followed by malignant transformation, and it has the highest incidence among female malignant tumors. The metastasis of BC occurs through direct and lymphatic spread. Although ocular metastasis is relatively rare, it is a good indicator of a worse prognosis.

Bioinspired designer DNA NanoGripper for virus sensing and potential inhibition.

DNA has shown great biocompatibility, programmable mechanical properties, and precise structural addressability at the nanometer scale, rendering it a material for constructing versatile nanorobots for biomedical applications. Here, we present the design principle, synthesis, and characterization of a DNA nanorobotic hand, called DNA NanoGripper, that contains a palm and four bendable fingers as inspired by naturally evolved human hands, bird claws, and bacteriophages. Each NanoGripper finger consists of three phalanges connected by three rotatable joints that are bendable in response to the binding of other entities.

Artificial intelligence measured 3D lumbosacral body composition and clinical outcomes in rectal cancer patients.

Introduction: Patient body composition (BC) has been shown to help predict clinical outcomes in rectal cancer patients. Artificial intelligence algorithms have allowed for easier acquisition of BC measurements, creating a comprehensive BC profile in patients using data from an entire three-dimensional (3D) region of the body. This study has utilized AI technology to measure BC from the entire lumbosacral (L1-S5) region and assessed the associations between BC and clinical outcomes in rectal cancer patients who have undergone neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery.

Association of Exercise Tolerance with Respiratory Health Outcomes in Mild-to-Moderate COPD.

Previous studies have identified exercise intolerance in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The associations of exercise tolerance with lung function decline and acute exacerbation risk in mild-to-moderate COPD is unclear, especially in the community population. We evaluated exercise tolerance in mild-to-moderate COPD and analyzed its associations with respiratory health outcomes.

Amphiphilic Janus Nanoparticles for Effective Treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia by Attenuating Inflammation and Targeted Bactericidal Capability.

Introduction: -induced pneumonia is marked by considerable infiltration of inflammatory cells and biofilm formation, which causes acute and transient lung inflammation and infection. Nevertheless, the discovery of alternative preventative and therapeutic methods is essential due to the high mortality rates in clinical settings and the resistance of infection to multiple medications.

Purpose: In this research, we constructed amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles (JNPs, denoted as SSK1@PDA/CaP@CIP), loaded with hydrophobic SSK1, a β-galactosidase (β-gal)-activated prodrug for reducing macrophages, and hydrophilic ciprofloxacin (CIP), a classic antibiotic for treating infection.

Simultaneous optimization of conductive layer, dielectric layer, and fabrication process for optically transparent low-loss frequency selective surfaces.

This work presents a design approach for optically transparent low-loss frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) based on the simultaneous optimization of a conductive layer, dielectric layer, and fabrication process. Three bandpass FSSs working in millimeter-wave bands with low insertion losses are investigated and fabricated based on low-loss Rogers RT5870 and cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) substrates. The measured results of the RT5870 based FSS (case 1) and COC based FSS (case 2) indicate that the COC substrate possesses lower dielectric loss tangent at the K band.

OCTA evaluates changes in retinal microvasculature in renal hypertension patients.

The objective of this study is to utilize optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) techniques for the purpose of identifying abnormalities in retinal and conjunctival vascular density among patients afflicted with renal hypertension. From October 2022 to October 2023, a cohort of sixteen patients diagnosed with renal hypertension (RH), comprising a total of 32 eyes, was selected from the Department of Nephrology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Concurrently, a group of sixteen healthy individuals, carefully matched in characteristics, was recruited from volunteers at the Ophthalmology Research Center and designated as the healthy controls (HCs) group.

Association between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and missed miscarriage: A hospital-based case-control study in Shanghai, China.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental pollutants linked to reproductive disruptions. This study investigated the relationship between PFAS exposure and missed miscarriage in a hospital-based, case-control study in Shanghai, China. There were 393 women in our research, including 198 cases and 195 controls.

Real-world impact of pembrolizumab availability for deficient mismatch repair metastatic colorectal cancer.

Background: Immunotherapy has emerged as a standard treatment for deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Pembrolizumab became widely available as a first-line (1L) option in Australia following the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) listing in August 2021. The uptake of new treatment options can be lengthy.

Efficacy and outcome analysis: monotherapy and combination therapy of S-1 for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. S-1, a fluorouracil derivative known for its efficacy and minimal adverse effects in various solid tumors, offers hope for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. This study conducted a retrospective, single-center analysis to investigate the effectiveness and safety of S-1 monotherapy and combination therapy as second-line or subsequent treatment for advanced NSCLC.