Beyond the eye: A relational model for early dementia detection using retinal OCTA images.

Early detection of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), is essential to enable timely intervention and potential treatment. Accurate detection of AD/MCI is challenging due to the high complexity, cost, and often invasive nature of current diagnostic techniques, which limit their suitability for large-scale population screening. Given the shared embryological origins and physiological characteristics of the retina and brain, retinal imaging is emerging as a potentially rapid and cost-effective alternative for the identification of individuals with or at high risk of AD.

Imipramine, an Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibitor, Promotes Newborn Neuron Survival in the Hippocampus After Seizure.

Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder, is triggered by various insults, including traumatic brain injury and stroke. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), an enzyme that hydrolyzes sphingomyelin into ceramides, is implicated in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. Ceramides, which have pro-apoptotic properties, contribute to oxidative damage and lysosomal dysfunction, exacerbating neuronal injury.

Soybean hull polysaccharides ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in high-fat diet-fed zebrafish.

Soybean hull polysaccharide (ASP), a pectic polysaccharide with potential effects on regulating lipid metabolism through gut microbiota and their metabolites, was studied to explore its regulatory mechanisms. The study examined the alleviating effect of ASP on high-fat diet (HFD) zebrafish through histopathological examination and biochemical analysis. Additionally, the lipid-lowering mechanism was analyzed combined with metabolomics and the proliferation of gut microbiota.

Molecular Modification of Queen Bee Acid and 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid with Specific Tripeptides: Rational Design, Organic Synthesis, and Assessment for Prohealing and Antimicrobial Hydrogel Properties.

Royal jelly and medical grade honey are traditionally used in treating wounds and infections, although their effectiveness is often variable and insufficient. To overcome their limitations, we created novel amphiphiles by modifying the main reparative and antimicrobial components, queen bee acid (hda) and 10-hydroxyl-decanoic acid (hdaa), through peptide bonding with specific tripeptides. Our molecular design incorporated amphiphile targets as being biocompatible in wound healing, biodegradable, non-toxic, hydrogelable, prohealing, and antimicrobial.

Classification of power quality disturbances in microgrids using a multi-level global convolutional neural network and SDTransformer approach.

As the adoption of new energy sources like photovoltaic and wind power increases alongside the influx of advanced power electronic devices, there has been a significant rise in power quality disturbance events (PQDs) within power systems. These disturbances, including harmonics and voltage dips, severely impact the stability of microgrids and the efficiency of power equipment. To enhance the accuracy of identifying power quality disturbances in microgrids, this paper introduces a Multi-level Global Convolutional Neural Network combined with a Simplified double-layer Transformer model (MGCNN-SDTransformer).

Spectrum Sensing in Very Low SNR Environment Using Multi-Scale Temporal Correlation Perception with Residual Attention.

Spectrum sensing is recognized as a viable strategy to alleviate the scarcity of spectrum resources and to optimize their usage. In this paper, considering the time-varying characteristics and the dependence on various timescales within a time series of samples composed of in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) component signals, we propose a multi-scale time-correlated perceptual attention model named MSTC-PANet. The model consists of multiple parallel temporal correlation perceptual attention (TCPA) modules, enabling us to extract features at different timescales and identify dependencies among features across various timescales.

Kinesophobia in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a latent profile analysis.

Objective: To explore the status of kinesophobia in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and analyze the influencing factors of different kinesophobia profiles.

Design: Cross-sectional survey study.

Participants: A total of 245 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures who underwent surgical treatment at our Department of Orthopedics between January 2023 and March 2024 were selected.

Head pose-assisted localization of facial landmarks for enhanced fast registration in skull base surgery.

In skull base surgery, the method of using a probe to draw or 3D scanners to acquire intraoperative facial point clouds for spatial registration presents several issues. Manual manipulation results in inefficiency and poor consistency. Traditional registration algorithms based on point clouds are highly dependent on the initial pose.

Maresin-like 1 Ameliorates Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease in Brains of a Transgenic Mouse Model.

(1) Background: Impeded resolution of inflammation contributes substantially to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD); consequently, resolving inflammation is pivotal to the amelioration of AD pathology. This can potentially be achieved by the treatment with specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), which should resolve neuroinflammation in brains. (2) Methods: Here, we report the histological effects of long-term treatment with an SPM, maresin-like 1 (MarL1), on AD pathogenesis in a transgenic 5xFAD mouse model.

Superabsorbent, antibacterial, and antioxidant nanocellulose aerogels: Preparation, characterization, and application in beef preservation.

Herein, we prepared a new aerogel-based preservation pad using soy hull nanocellulose (SHNC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), whey protein isolate (WPI), and cinnamon essential oil (CEO) as raw materials. The physicochemicals of the aerogel preservation pads were studied, and their effects on beef preservation were evaluated. The results showed that the aerogel monomers were crosslinked by hydrogen, ester bonds, and electrostatic interactions in the aerogels, and there were three-dimensional pores in the aerogels.

Total knee arthroplasty combined with simultaneous open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with patellar fracture: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Patients with severe knee osteoarthritis combined with patellar fracture are rare, and it is unclear whether single-stage surgery affects the enhanced recovery after surgery.

Case Presentation: This case report describes two patients of Han nationality. A 69-year-old male patient was previously diagnosed with severe knee osteoarthritis of the left knee joint and was treated conservatively with long-term oral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and intraarticular injection of sodium hyaluronate.

The dark side of enterprise social media and employee digital creativity: Communication visibility perspective.

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the significances of excessive usage of enterprise social media (ESM) on individuals' digital creativity through ESM exhaustion. In addition, we intend to investigate the significance of ESM visibility as a moderator in the connection between excessive usage of ESM, ESM exhaustion, and digital creativity. The results presented in this study are derived from primary data collected from 718 Chinese workers who utilize ESM.

A Universal Synthesis of Single-Atom Catalysts via Operando Bond Formation Driven by Electricity.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs), featuring highly uniform active sites, tunable coordination environments, and synergistic effects with support, have emerged as one of the most efficient catalysts for various reactions, particularly for electrochemical CO reduction (ECR). However, the scalability of SACs is restricted due to the limited choice of available support and problems that emerge when preparing SACs by thermal deposition. Here, an in situ reconstruction method for preparing SACs is developed with a variety of atomic sites, including nickel, cadmium, cobalt, and magnesium.

Relationship between postpartum psychological disorders and emotion regulation strategies: A cross-sectional study.

To explore the relationship between postpartum psychological disorders and emotion regulation strategies and analyze the influencing factors of postpartum psychological disorders. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design. A total of 230 postpartum women hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from October 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the investigation objects.

Real-time simulation for multi-component biomechanical analysis using localized tissue constraint progressive transfer learning.

In virtual surgical training, it is crucial to achieve real-time, high-fidelity simulation of the tissue deformation. The anisotropic and nonlinear characteristics of the organ with multi-component make accurate real-time deformation simulation difficult. A localized tissue constraint progressive transfer learning method is proposed in this paper, where the base-compensated dual-output transfer learning strategy and the localized tissue constraint progressive learning architecture are developed.

Engineered fungus containing a caterpillar gene kills insects rapidly by disrupting their ecto- and endo-microbiomes.

Similar to the physiological importance of gut microbiomes, recent works have shown that insect ectomicrobiotas can mediate defensive colonization resistance against fungal parasites that infect via cuticle penetration. Here we show that engineering the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii with a potent antibacterial moricin gene from silkworms substantially enhances the ability of the fungus to kill mosquitos, locusts, and two Drosophila species. Further use of Drosophila melanogaster as an infection model, quantitative microbiome analysis reveals that engineered strains designed to suppress insect cuticular bacteria additionally disrupt gut microbiomes.

Impact of age on eGFR dynamics following sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor therapy: A real-world study.

Aim: The initial decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), often known as the "initial dip," associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is typically transient but may be more pronounced in older patients.

Methods: We analyzed real-world data from 2,070 patients newly prescribed SGLT2i, tracking eGFR changes at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after initiation. We defined a significant initial dip as over 10 % reduction in eGFR at 3 months.

Regulating Second-Shell Coordination in Cobalt Single-Atom Catalysts toward Highly Selective Hydrogenation.

Manipulating the local coordination environment of central metal atoms in single-atom catalysts (SACs) is a powerful strategy to exploit efficient SACs with optimal electronic structures for various applications. Herein, Co-SACs featured by Co single atoms with coordinating S atoms in the second shell dispersed in a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix have been developed toward the selective hydrogenation of halo-nitrobenzene. The location of the S atom in the model Co-SAC is verified through synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations.

Designing Fe8-N2 Catalytic Sites of Nitrogen-Doped Iron-Based Nanoparticles with Oxidase-Like Activity: Characterization, Calculation and Application.

Designing metal nanoparticles with oxidase-mimicking capabilities has garnered significant attention due to their promising attributes. However, understanding the intricate catalytic mechanisms underlying these nanoparticles poses a formidable challenge. In this study, a straightforward pyrolysis procedure was employed to synthesize nitrogen-doped iron-based nanoparticles (Fe NPs-N@C) with Fe8-N2 serving as active sites.

STQD-Det: Spatio-Temporal Quantum Diffusion Model for Real-Time Coronary Stenosis Detection in X-Ray Angiography.

Detecting coronary stenosis accurately in X-ray angiography (XRA) is important for diagnosing and treating coronary artery disease (CAD). However, challenges arise from factors like breathing and heart motion, poor imaging quality, and the complex vascular structures, making it difficult to identify stenosis fast and precisely. In this study, we proposed a Quantum Diffusion Model with Spatio-Temporal Feature Sharing to Real-time detect Stenosis (STQD-Det).

Potentially inappropriate medication as a predictor of poor prognosis of COVID-19 in older adults: a South Korean nationwide cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate the association between exposure to potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) and poor prognosis of COVID-19 in older adults, controlling for comorbidity and sociodemographic factors.

Design And Setting: Nationwide retrospective cohort study based on the national registry of COVID-19 patients, established through the linkage of South Korea's national insurance claims database with the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency registry of patients with COVID-19, up to 31 July 2020.

Participants: A total of 2217 COVID-19 patients over 60 years of age who tested positive between 20 January 2022 and 4 June 2020.