Effective Detection of Cloud Masks in Remote Sensing Images.

Effective detection of the contours of cloud masks and estimation of their distribution can be of practical help in studying weather changes and natural disasters. Existing deep learning methods are unable to extract the edges of clouds and backgrounds in a refined manner when detecting cloud masks (shadows) due to their unpredictable patterns, and they are also unable to accurately identify small targets such as thin and broken clouds. For these problems, we propose MDU-Net, a multiscale dual up-sampling segmentation network based on an encoder-decoder-decoder.

The fate and transport of pesticide seed treatments and its impact on soil microbials.

In order to better understand the environmental impact of systemic pesticides used in the seed treatment, we conducted a field trial by planting maize seeds treated with thiamethoxam (TMX) and the combination with difenoconazole (DFZ), two of the commonly used systemic pesticides in the seed treatment program. We found most of pesticide residues were retained in the 0-10 cm layer from soil surface. Pesticide residue levels exhibited a significant decreasing trend from the seedling to milk period.

Global phylogeography and antibiotic resistance characteristics of Morganella: An epidemiological, spatial, comparative genomic study.

Morganella morganii has been recognized as an important opportunistic pathogen that is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. However, the current global evolutionary dynamics and emergence of ARGs remain obscure. The present study determined the global distribution, genomic classification, phylogeny, and monitor longitudinal resistome changes.

Fibrinogen, FDP and D-Dimer as Potential Biomarkers for Disease Severity in Ulcerative Colitis: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the large intestine. Coagulation abnormalities have been detected in UC patients. This study aimed to evaluate coagulation-related parameters in patients with UC.

FOS B cells: Key mediators of immunotherapy resistance in diverse cancer types.

While immunotherapy has marked significant advances in cancer treatment, resistance remains a challenge. The complexity of the tumor microenvironment, particularly the role of B cell subpopulations, is a critical factor affecting treatment efficacy. In this study, we conducted analyses of single-cell RNA sequencing data from immunotherapy patients ( = 25) to explore the biomarker of immunotherapy resistance.

Melatonin Ameliorates Cadmium-Induced Liver Fibrosis Via Modulating Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism.

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental contaminant with high toxicity to human health. Melatonin has been shown to improve Cd-induced liver damage. However, its mechanism has not yet been elucidated.

Enhancing physician support in pancreatic cancer diagnosis: New M-F-RCNN artificial intelligence model using endoscopic ultrasound.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is vital for early pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning, have improved medical image analysis. We developed and validated the Modified Faster R-CNN (M-F-RCNN), an AI algorithm using EUS images to assist in diagnosing pancreatic cancer.

Electroacupuncture Modulates Microbial Phenylalanine Metabolism and Enhances the Intestinal Barrier Function to Alleviate Colitis in Mice.

Background: Electroacupuncture (EA) exerts beneficial effects on ulcerative colitis. However, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the impact of high and low-frequency EA at Zusanli (ST36) on the gut microbiota and metabolite profile in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model.

Integrated anti-fatigue effects of polysaccharides and small molecules coexisting in water extracts of ginseng: Gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Both clinical and animal studies have demonstrated that ginseng has curative effects on fatigue. Our previous study found that water extracts of ginseng (WEG) could significantly mitigate exercise-induced fatigue (EF). Notably, polysaccharides (GP) and small molecules (GS, mainly ginsenosides) coexist in WEG.

Regulation of freshwater filamentous green algae (Cladophora) and its impact on malodorous volatile organic sulfur compound (DMS) by biomanipulation.

When improving the water quality of natural bodies such as lakes, the explosive growth of filamentous green alga Cladophora can limit the growth of submerged macrophytes and prevent the water from shifting to a clear state. During the decay of Cladophora, it can cause various water quality issues such as reduced dissolved oxygen, increased nutrient levels and water odor. Biomanipulation, involving the introduction of a suitable density of aquatic animals into the water, can reduce the biomass of filamentous algae.

Effects of Low Field Temperature on the Physicochemical Properties and Fine Structure Stability of High-Quality Rice Starch during the Grain Filling Stage.

The consumption of high-quality rice is increasing. Low temperatures during grain filling may affect the starch synthesis of high-quality rice and thus affect the quality of the rice itself. In this study, two high-quality conventional rice cultivars and two high-quality hybrid rice cultivars were selected and sown at a low temperature and normal temperature in the field.

Schizophrenia and antipsychotic medications present distinct and shared gut microbial composition: A meta-analysis.

There are some conflicting results regarding alterations of gut microbial composition in schizophrenia (SZ), even a few meta-analysis studies have addressed this field. Ignoring of antipsychotic medication effects may cause the large heterogeneity and impact on study results. This study is a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate composition of gut microbiota in patients with SZ, to elucidate the impact of antipsychotic use and reveal distinct and shared gut bacteria in SZ and antipsychotic medications.

Biosensor development for diabetes diagnosis: Determining relevant miRNA using a newly developed N-annulated perylene fluorescent dye.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as essential biomarkers for disease diagnosis, and several techniques are available to determine type 2 diabetes (T2D) relevant miRNAs. However, detecting circulating miRNAs can be challenging due to their small size, low abundance, and high sequence similarity, often requiring sensitive detection approaches combined with additional amplification processes. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a classic analytical method suitable for sensitively detecting trace amounts of nucleotide acid.

Polarization photodetectors with configurable polarity transition enabled by programmable ferroelectric-doping patterns.

Advances in symmetry-breaking engineering of heterointerfaces for optoelectronic devices have garnered significant attention due to their immense potential in tunable moiré quantum geometry and enabling polarization light detection. Despite several proposed approaches to breaking the symmetry of low-dimensional materials, there remains a lack of universal methods to create materials with prominent polarization detection capabilities. Here, we introduce a reliable strategy for manipulating the symmetry of low-dimensional materials through a programmable ferroelectric-doping patterns technique.

S-Adenosylmethionine Inhibits the Proliferation of Retinoblastoma Cell Y79, Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Y79 Cells by Inhibiting the Wnt2/β-Catenin Pathway.

Retinoblastoma is one of the most common primary intraocular malignancies in young children. Traditional treatment methods such as chemotherapy often come with significant adverse effects, such as hearing loss, cognitive impairment, and vision loss. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore a novel therapeutic drug that is both effective and safe.

Qin-Yu-Qing-Chang decoction reshapes colonic metabolism by activating PPAR-γ signaling to inhibit facultative anaerobes against DSS-induced colitis.

Background: Qin-Yu-Qing-Chang decoction (QYQC), an herbal formula from China, is extensively employed to manage ulcerative colitis (UC) and exhibits potential benefits for colonic function. Nevertheless, the fundamental molecular mechanisms of QYQC remain largely uncharted.

Methods: The primary constituents of QYQC were determined utilizing UHPLC-MS/MS analysis and the effectiveness of QYQC was assessed in a mouse model of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium.

A close examination of BCRP's role in lactation and methods for predicting drug distribution into milk.

Breastfeeding is the most complete nutritional method of feeding infants, but several impediments affect the decision to breastfeed, including questions of drug safety for medications needed during lactation. Despite recent FDA guidance, few labels provide clear dosing advice during lactation. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) is well suited to mechanistically explore pharmacokinetics and dosing paradigms to fill gaps in the absence of extensive clinical studies and complement existing real-world data.