Antiviral Development for the Polio Endgame: Current Progress and Future Directions.

As the world is approaching the eradication of wild poliovirus serotype 1, the last of the three wild types, the question of how to maintain a polio-free world becomes imminent. To mitigate the risk of sporadic vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) caused by oral polio vaccines (OPVs) that are routinely used in global immunization programs, the Polio Antivirals Initiative (PAI) was established in 2006. The primary goal of the PAI is to facilitate the discovery and development of antiviral drugs to stop the excretion of immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) in B cell-deficient individuals.

 (Lycopodiaceae), a new species from China based on morphological characters and molecular evidence.

A new species of the firmoss from China, sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on morphological characters and molecular evidence.

Heterologous expression of the insect SVWC peptide WHIS1 inhibits invasion into A549 and HeLa epithelial cells.

(), a microbe commonly isolated from patients with vaginal tract infections, transforms from yeast to hyphae and produces many toxins, adhesins, and invasins, as well as biofilms resistant to antifungal antibiotic treatment. Effective agents against this pathogen are urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been used to cure inflammation and infectious diseases.

Ginkgo biloba L. exocarp petroleum ether extract inhibits methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by modulating ion transport, virulence, and biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: As reported in the Ancient Chinese Medicinal Books, Ginkgo biloba L. fruit has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment asthma and cough or as a disinfectant. Our previous study demonstrated that G.

Covalent immobilization of tyrosinase on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes for inhibitor screening.

The inhibition of tyrosinase is considered to be a common therapeutic strategy for some hyperpigmentation disorders. Screening of tyrosinase inhibitors is of great significance to the treatment of pigmentation diseases. In this study, tyrosinase was covalently immobilized on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the first time, and the immobilized tyrosinase was applied for ligand fishing of tyrosinase inhibitors from complex medicinal plants.

Combined impacts of environmental and socioeconomic covariates on HFMD risk in China: A spatiotemporal heterogeneous perspective.

Background: Understanding geospatial impacts of multi-sourced influencing factors on the epidemic of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is of great significance for formulating disease control policies tailored to regional-specific needs, yet the knowledge is very limited. We aim to identify and further quantify the spatiotemporal heterogeneous effects of environmental and socioeconomic factors on HFMD dynamics.

Methods: We collected monthly province-level HFMD incidence and related environmental and socioeconomic data in China during 2009-2018.

Postoperative pulmonary complications after sugammadex reversal of neuromuscular blockade: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

Background: Sugammadex has been reported to lower the incidence of postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade. Despite the advantages, until recently the effects of sugammadex on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) were controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether reversal with sugammadex was associated with a lower risk of PPCs compared with neostigmine.

Interactions between the gut micro-community and transcriptome of Culex pipiens pallens under low-temperature stress.

Background: Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae) can survive at low temperature for long periods. Understanding the effects of low-temperature stress on the gut microflora and gene expression levels in Cx. pipiens pallens, as well as their correlation, will contribute to the study of the overwintering mechanism of Cx.

The efficacy of intravenous iron for treatment of anemia before cardiac surgery: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

Background: Preoperative anemia is common in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with various etiologies, among which iron deficiency is the leading cause. However, the benefit of intravenous (IV) iron for the treatment of anemia before cardiac surgery is uncertain. This updated meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of IV iron in adult cardiac surgery patients with preoperative anemia.

Role of potential bioactive metabolites from traditional Chinese medicine for type 2 diabetes mellitus: An overview.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease with persistent hyperglycemia primarily caused by insulin resistance (IR). The number of diabetic patients globally has been rising over the past decades. Although significant progress has been made in treating diabetes mellitus (DM), existing clinical drugs for diabetes can no longer fully meet patients when they face complex and huge clinical treatment needs.

Efficacy and safety of remimazolam for non-obese patients during anesthetic induction in cardiac surgery: study protocol for a multicenter randomized trial.

Background: Valvular heart disease remains common in both developed and developing countries, and it requires timely surgical treatment when necessary. However, the stability of hemodynamics during anesthesia induction in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery is difficult to maintain due to their impaired cardiac function. Remimazolam, a novel and ultrashort-acting intravenous sedative-hypnotic, may be beneficial to stable hemodynamics, but the evidence is limited.

Efficacy and Safety of Jianpi Jieyu Decoction for Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Depression of Xin (Heart)-Pi (Spleen) Deficiency Syndrome: A Multi-centre Randomized Controlled Study.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jianpi Jieyu Decoction (JJD) for treating patients with mild-to-moderate depression of Xin (Heart)-Pi (Spleen) deficiency (XPD) syndrome.

Methods: In this multi-center, randomized, controlled study, 140 patients with mild-to-moderate depression of XPD syndrome were included from Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Botou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2017 to December 2019. They were randomly divided into JJD group and paroxetine group by using a random number table, with 70 cases in each group.

Evaluation of the antimicrobial function of Ginkgo biloba exocarp extract against clinical bacteria and its effect on Staphylococcus haemolyticus by disrupting biofilms.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The fruit of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgo nuts) has been used for a long time as a critical Chinese medicine material to treat cough and asthma, as well as a disinfectant. Similar records were written in the Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu, pinyin in Chinese) and Sheng Nong's herbal classic (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, pinyin in Chinese).

A new biomarker to enhance the radiosensitivity of hepatocellular cancer: miRNAs.

This review summarizes findings regarding miRNAs that modulate radiation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluates their potential clinical therapeutic uses. We searched the relevant English-language medical databases for papers on miRNAs and radiation therapy for tumors to identify miRNAs that are linked with radiosensitivity and radioresistance, focusing on those associated with HCC radiation. There were 88 papers assessed for miRNAs associated with tumor radiation, 56 of which dealt with radiosensitization, 21 with radioresistance and 11 with radiosensitization for HCC.

Two new Cd(II)/Zn(II) coordination polymers: luminescence properties and synergistic treatment activity with ultrasound therapy on uterine fibroids.

Through the self-assembly reaction of 5-substituted isophthalic acid and bis(imidazolyl) ligands with Cd(II) ion or Zn(II) ion, two new coordination polymers with the chemical formulae of [Cd(5-meo-ip)(bmip)] () and [Zn(5-pro-ip)(bip)]·2 n(HO) () (5-meo-Hip = 5-methoxyisophthalic acid, 5-pro-Hip = 5-propoxyisophthalic acid, bmip = 1,3-bis(2-methylimidazolyl)propane bip = 1,3-bis(imidazolyl)propane) were successfully obtained and structurally characterized by a series of characterization techniques. Moreover, compounds - show intense blue luminescence at room temperature. Furthermore, the assessment of their treatment activity on the uterine fibroids combined with ultrasound therapy was evaluated and the specific mechanism was investigated at the same time.

Role of Licochalcone A in Potential Pharmacological Therapy: A Review.

Licochalcone A (LA), a useful and valuable flavonoid, is isolated from Fisch. ex DC. and widely used clinically in traditional Chinese medicine.

The Fusaric Acid Derivative qy17 Inhibits by Disrupting Biofilm Formation and the Stress Response Altered Gene Expression.

is the second most commonly isolated coagulase-negative (CoNS) in patients with hospital-acquired infections. It can produce phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) toxins and form biofilms. Compared with the wealth of information on and , very little is known about .

Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory activities of the derived peptide of a natural killer lysin from black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii).

Natural killer lysin (NK-lysin) is a small molecule antimicrobial peptide secreted by natural killer cells and T lymphocytes. In this study, we characterized a cDNA sequence encoding an NK-lysin homologue (SsNKL1) from black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii. The open reading frame (ORF) of SsNKL1 encodes a putative protein of 149 amino acids and shares 44%-87% overall sequence identities with other teleost NK-lysins.

Registration of intervention trials of Traditional Chinese Medicine for four neurological diseases on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov: a narrative review.

Objective: To analyze the current status of clinical trial registration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Methods: Interventional clinical trials of TCM treatment for ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, vascular cognitive impairment, tension-type headache before September 22, 2020 on the platform of Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched.