Cereblon deficiency ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells by suppressing MAPK-mediated apoptosis.

The liver is vulnerable to various hepatotoxins, including carbon tetrachloride (CCl), which induces oxidative stress and apoptosis by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Cereblon (CRBN), a multifunctional protein implicated in various cellular processes, functions in the pathogenesis of various diseases; however, its function in liver injury remains unknown. We established a CRBN-knockout (KO) HepG2 cell line and examined its effect on CCl-induced hepatocellular damage.

Biodegradation and valorization of feather waste using the keratinase-producing bacteria and their application in environmentally hazardous industrial processes.

Poultry feathers are widely discarded as waste worldwide and are considered an environmental pollutant and a reservoir of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, developing sustainable and environmentally friendly methods for managing feather waste is one of the important environmental protection requirements. In this study, we investigated a rapid and eco-friendly method for the degradation and valorization of feather waste using keratinase-producing Pseudomonas geniculata H10, and evaluated the applicability of keratinase in environmentally hazardous chemical processes.

Dysbiosis of Fecal Microbiota in Tg2576 Mice for Alzheimer's Disease during Pathological Constipation.

Tg2576 transgenic mice for Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibited significant phenotypes for neuropathological constipation, but no research has been conducted on the association of the fecal microbiota with dysbiosis. The correlation between fecal microbiota composition and neuropathological constipation in Tg2576 mice was investigated by examining the profile of fecal microbiota and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in 9-10-month-old Tg2576 mice with the AD phenotypes and constipation. Several constipation phenotypes, including stool parameters, colon length, and histopathological structures, were observed prominently in Tg2576 mice compared to the wild-type (WT) mice.

Makino Inhibits Oxidative Stress-Induced Neuronal Damage in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells by Suppressing MAPK-Regulated Apoptosis.

Oxidative stress has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the pathological processes of many neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we demonstrated that Makino extract (CBME) suppresses oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. Our observations revealed that CBME effectively protected neuronal cells against HO-induced cell death by preventing caspase-3 activation, Bax upregulation, Bcl-2 downregulation, activation of three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and NF-κB phosphorylation, and iNOS induction.

Overexpression of the Alters Cutin Composition of Reproductive Tissues in Arabidopsis.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) catalyzes a wide variety of monooxygenation reactions in plant primary and secondary metabolisms. Land plants contain CYP703, belonging to the CYP71 clan, which catalyzes the biochemical pathway of fatty acid hydroxylation, especially in male reproductive tissues. Korean/Asian ginseng ( Meyer) has been regarded as one of important medicinal plant for a long time, however the molecular mechanism is less known on its development.

Nitric Oxide-Releasing Bacterial Cellulose/Chitosan Crosslinked Hydrogels for the Treatment of Polymicrobial Wound Infections.

Polymicrobial wound infections are a major cause of infectious disease-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this study, we prepared a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing oxidized bacterial cellulose/chitosan (BC/CHI) crosslinked hydrogel to effectively treat polymicrobial wound infections. Linear polyethyleneimine diazeniumdiolate (PEI/NO) was used as the NO donor.

Enzyme-mediated biocalcification by a novel alkaliphilic Bacillus psychrodurans LC40 and its eco-friendly application as a biosealant for crack healing.

Biocalcification is a natural biochemical process, which has been regarded as a promising method for sequestering heavy metals or carbon dioxide in the environment, healing cracks in concrete structures, and stabilizing soil. One of the key factors in this process is calcium carbonate-producing bacteria. The purpose of this study was to maximize the production of calcium carbonate by alkaliphilic Bacillus psychrodurans LC40 isolated from a limestone cave, by manipulating the medium composition for fast and non-detrimental crack healing, and to investigate the mechanism of its production.

Dysbiosis of Fecal Microbiota From Complement 3 Knockout Mice With Constipation Phenotypes Contributes to Development of Defecation Delay.

Significant phenotypes for constipation were detected in complement 3 (C3) knockout (KO) mice, although no research has been conducted on an association with alteration of gut microbiota. To investigate the effects of dysbiosis on fecal microbiota from C3 KO mice with constipation, the composition of fecal microbiota was characterized in mid-colons of 16-week-old C3 KO mice, and their function for defecation delay development was examined after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of C3 KO mice. Some significant alterations in constipation phenotypes, including stool parameters and histopathological structure, were detected in 16-week-old C3 KO mice compared to those of wild-type (WT) mice.

Characterization of a Novel CaCO-Forming Alkali-Tolerant S26 as a Filling Agent for Repairing Concrete Cracks.

Biomineralization, a well-known natural phenomenon associated with various microbial species, is being studied to protect and strengthen building materials such as concrete. We characterized S26, a novel urease-producing bacterium exhibiting CaCO-forming activity, and investigated its ability in repairing concrete cracks for the development of environment-friendly sealants. Strain S26 grown in solid medium formed spherical and polygonal CaCO crystals.

Effects of mycosubtilin homolog algicides from a marine bacterium, Bacillus sp. SY-1, against the harmful algal bloom species Cochlodinium polykrikoides.

The marine bacterium, Bacillus sp. SY-1, produced algicidal compounds that are notably active against the bloom-forming alga Cochlodinium polykrikoides. We isolated three algicidal compounds and identified these as mycosubtilins with molecular weights of 1056, 1070, and 1084 (designated MS 1056, 1070, and 1084, respectively), based on amino acid analyses and H, C, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, including H-N heteronuclear multiple bond correlation analysis.

Therapeutic Applications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Drug Metformin in Patients with Osteoarthritis.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoarthritis (OA) are common chronic diseases that frequently co-exist. The link between OA and T2DM is attributed to common risk factors, including age and obesity. Several reports suggest that hyperglycemia and accumulated advanced glycosylation end-products might regulate cartilage homeostasis and contribute to the development and progression of OA.

Constipation in Tg2576 mice model for Alzheimer's disease associated with dysregulation of mechanism involving the mAChR signaling pathway and ER stress response.

Background: Although constipation has been researched in various neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and spinal cord injury (SCI), the pathological mechanism of this symptom has not been investigated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated with loss of nerve cells in the brain. This study was undertaken to gain scientific evidences for a molecular correlation between constipation and AD.

Methods: To understand the etiology, we measured alterations in various constipation parameters, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, in 11-month-old Tg2576 transgenic (Tg) mice showing AD-like phenotypes.

Therapeutic effects of a liquid bandage prepared with cellulose powders from Styela clava tunics and Broussonetia kazinoki bark: Healing of surgical wounds on the skin of Sprague Dawley rats.

Cellulose in different forms has extensively been applied in biomedical treatments, including scaffolding, tissue engineering and tissue formation. To evaluate the therapeutic effects of a liquid bandage (LB) prepared with cellulose powders from Styela clava tunics (SCT) and Broussonetia kazinoki bark (BSLB) for healing cutaneous wounds, the remedial effects of a low concentration (LoBSLB) and a high concentration (HiBSLB) of BSLB on skin regeneration and toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. Results indicated that the total area of skin involved in the surgical wound was lower in the BSLB‑treated group compared with the Vehicle‑treated group at days 4‑12, although some variations were observed in the HiBSLB‑treated group.

Bacterial indoleacetic acid-induced synthesis of colloidal AgO nanocrystals and their biological activities.

The biosynthesis and biological activity of colloidal AgO nanocrystals have not been well studied, although they have potential applications in many fields. For the first time, we developed a reducing agent free, cost-effective technique for AgO biosynthesis using Xanthomonas sp. P5.

The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fermented Herbal Roots of in an Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma Model.

Roots of , which have pharmacologically active ingredients, have received great attention because they show good therapeutic effects for various inflammatory diseases without specific toxicity. This study investigated the anti-asthmatic effects of a butanol extract of roots that had been fermented with (BAW) and its possible underlying cholinergic regulation. Alterations of the anti-asthmatic markers and the molecular response factors were measured in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model after treatment with BAW.

Biological synthesis and characterisation of silver nanoparticles using H10 for pharmaceutical activity.

In the present study, silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesised for the first time using H10 as reducing and stabilising agents. The synthesis of SNPs was the maximum when the culture supernatant was treated with 2.5 mM AgNO at pH 7 and 40°C for 10 h.

Quercetin promotes gastrointestinal motility and mucin secretion in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats through regulation of the mAChRs downstream signal.

Context: Quercetin (QCT) has been known as a potential therapeutic strategy for gastrointestinal diseases because it contributes to the stabilization of mast cells, the prevention of histamine release and modulation of CaCC chloride channel.

Objective: We investigated the laxative effect and action mechanism of QCT in Lop-induced constipation model.

Materials And Methods: Constipation of SD rats was induced by subcutaneous injection of loperamide (Lop) (4 mg/kg weight) in 0.

Improved biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using keratinase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R13: reaction optimization, structural characterization, and biomedical activity.

In the present study, keratinase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R13 was used for the first time as a reducing agent for the eco-friendly synthesis of AgNPs. The keratinase produced by strain R13 was responsible for the reduction of silver ions and the subsequent formation of AgNPs. Maximum AgNP synthesis was achieved using 2 mM AgNO at pH 9 and 40 °C.

Effects of different cellulose membranes regenerated from Styela clava tunics on wound healing.

The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of three different cellulose membranes (CMs) manufactured from Styela clava tunics (SCTs) on the healing of cutaneous wounds. We examined the physical properties and therapeutic effects of three CMs regenerated from SCTs (referred to as SCT‑ CMs), including normal CM (SCT‑CM), freeze-dried SCT‑CM (FSCT‑CM) and sodium alginate-supplemented SCT‑CM (ASCT‑CM) on skin regeneration and angiogenesis using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. FSCT‑CM exhibited an outstanding interlayered structure, a high tensile strength (1.

Ethyl acetate extract from Asparagus cochinchinensis exerts anti‑inflammatory effects in LPS‑stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells by regulating COX‑2/iNOS, inflammatory cytokine expression, MAP kinase pathways, the cell cycle and anti-oxidant activity.

Asparagus cochinchinesis (A. cochinchinesis) is a medicine traditionally used to treat fever, cough, kidney disease, breast cancer, inflammatory disease and brain disease in northeast Asian countries. Although numerous studies of the anti‑inflammatory effects of A.

Optimal Fermentation Conditions of Hyaluronidase Inhibition Activity on Merrill by .

This study was conducted to evaluate the hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibition activity of (AC) extracts following fermentation by through response surface methodology. To optimize the HAase inhibition activity, a central composite design was introduced based on four variables: the concentration of AC extract (: 1-5%), amount of starter culture (: 1-5%), pH (: 4-8), and fermentation time (: 0-10 days). The experimental data were fitted to quadratic regression equations, the accuracy of the equations was analyzed by ANOVA, and the regression coefficients for the surface quadratic model of HAase inhibition activity in the fermented AC extract were estimated by the test and the corresponding values.

Protective effects of the antioxidant extract collected from Styela clava tunics on UV radiation‑induced skin aging in hairless mice.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is considered a primary cause of skin damage, which is characterized by deep wrinkles, roughness, laxity and pigmentation through oxidative stress and oxidative photodamage. To examine the therapeutic effects of ethanol extract of Styela clava tunics (EtSCT) on UV radiation-induced skin aging in hairless mice, alterations in skin phenotype, histological structures, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative conditions and toxicity were investigated during 13 weeks of UV irradiation and topical application of EtSCT. EtSCT showed high reducing power (3.

Therapeutic effect of ethyl acetate extract from Asparagus cochinchinensis on phthalic anhydride-induced skin inflammation.

Asparagus cochinchinensis has been used to treat various diseases including fever, cough, kidney disease, breast cancer, inflammatory disease and brain disease, while IL-4 cytokine has been considered as key regulator on the skin homeostasis and the predisposition toward allergic skin inflammation. However, few studies have investigated its effects and IL-4 correlation on skin inflammation to date. To quantitatively evaluate the suppressive effects of ethyl acetate extracts of A.

Diosgenin effectively suppresses skin inflammation induced by phthalic anhydride in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 transgenic mice.

To quantitatively evaluate the therapeutic effects of diosgenin (DG) and investigate the role of IL-4 on skin inflammation, alterations in luciferase-derived signal and general phenotype biomarkers were measured in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 transgenic mice with phthalic anhydride (PA)-induced skin inflammation after treatment with DG for 4 weeks. High levels of luciferase-derived signal detected in the abdominal region and submandibular lymph node (SL) of the PA treated group was significantly decreased by 67-88% in the PA + DG cotreated group. Furthermore, the weight of the lymph node and spleen, IgE concentration, epidermis thickness, and number of infiltrated mast cells were lower in the PA + DG treated group than the PA + Vehicle treated group.