Modelling a Western Lifestyle in Mice: A Novel Approach to Eradicating Aerobic Spore-Forming Bacteria from the Colonic Microbiome and Assessing Long-Term Clinical Outcomes.

Introduction: The environmentally acquired aerobic spore-forming (EAS-Fs) bacteria that are ubiquitous in nature (e.g., soil) are transient colonisers of the mammalian gastro-intestinal tract.

A Family of Cyclic Lipopeptides Found in Human Isolates of Bacillus Ameliorates Acute Colitis via Direct Agonism of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in a Murine Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: The Bacillus-derived cyclic lipopeptides (surfactin, iturin, and fengycin) form potent Heterogeneous Lipopeptide Micelle (HeLM) complexes. HeLM is a small molecule that has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects. However, how HeLM regulates inflammation is not clear, moreover its application to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), specifically Ulcerative Colitis (UC), has not been tested before.

Intranasal administration of DSM 32444 spores: safety and tolerability.

Administered nasally, spores of the Gram-positive bacterium have been shown to be able to induce innate immunity sufficient to confer protection to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. Although members of the aerobiome, intranasal delivery of high numbers of live spores carries potential safety issues. To address the potential safety risk of using live spores, we assessed the safety of spores that had been completely inactivated using heat sterilization.

Isofagomine Inhibits Multiple TcdB Variants and Protects Mice from -Induced Mortality.

causes life-threatening diarrhea and is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. During infection, releases two gut-damaging toxins, TcdA and TcdB, which are the primary determinants of disease pathogenesis and are important therapeutic targets. Once in the cytosol of mammalian cells, TcdA and TcdB use UDP-glucose to glucosylate host Rho GTPases, which leads to cytoskeletal changes that result in a loss of intestinal integrity.

Genomic and vaccine preclinical studies reveal a novel mouse-adapted model for the hpEastAsia genotype in Southeast Asia.

infection is a major global health concern, linked to the development of various gastrointestinal diseases, including gastric cancer. To study the pathogenesis of and develop effective intervention strategies, appropriate animal pathogen models that closely mimic human infection are essential. This study focuses on the understudied hpEastAsia genotype in Southeast Asia, a region marked by a high infection rate.

Isofagomine inhibits multiple TcdB variants and protects mice from induced mortality.

causes life-threatening diarrhea and is the leading cause of healthcare associated bacterial infections in the United States. During infection, releases the gut-damaging toxins, TcdA and TcdB, the primary determinants of disease pathogenesis and are therefore therapeutic targets. TcdA and TcdB contain a glycosyltransferase domain that uses UDP-glucose to glycosylate host Rho GTPases, causing cytoskeletal changes that result in a loss of intestinal integrity.

Prophylactic immunization to Helicobacter pylori infection using spore vectored vaccines.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection remains a major public health threat leading to gastrointestinal illness and increased risk of gastric cancer. Mostly affecting populations in developing countries no vaccines are yet available and the disease is controlled by antimicrobials which, in turn, are driving the emergence of AMR.

Materials And Methods: We have engineered spores of Bacillus subtilis to display putative H.

Heterologous Systemic Prime-Intranasal Boosting Using a Spore SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Confers Mucosal Immunity and Cross-Reactive Antibodies in Mice as well as Protection in Hamsters.

: Current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are administered systemically and typically result in poor immunogenicity at the mucosa. As a result, vaccination is unable to reduce viral shedding and transmission, ultimately failing to prevent infection. One possible solution is that of boosting a systemic vaccine via the nasal route resulting in mucosal immunity.

Intranasal Treatment of Ferrets with Inert Bacterial Spores Reduces Disease Caused by a Challenging H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus.

Influenza is a respiratory infection that continues to present a major threat to human health, with ~500,000 deaths/year. Continued circulation of epidemic subtypes in humans and animals potentially increases the risk of future pandemics. Vaccination has failed to halt the evolution of this virus and next-generation prophylactic approaches are under development.

Radiation exposure for the population living around the coal-fired power plant complexes in Vietnam.

A coal-fired power plant's operation can release radioactive nuclides and radon gas into the environment, affecting the surrounding ecosystem. In this work, the collective effective dose due to the inhalation and the consumption of food containing the deposited radionuclides from the atmospheric release of the plants were evaluated. The results show that the radioactivity concentration in coal and fly ash samples depends on the origin of feed coal.

Environmentally Acquired and Their Role in Colonization Resistance.

is an environmentally acquired, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium which ordinarily causes disease following antibiotic-mediated dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. Although much is understood regarding the life cycle of , the fate of spores upon ingestion remains unclear, and the underlying factors that predispose an individual to colonization and subsequent development of infection (CDI) are not fully understood. Here, we show that , a ubiquitous and environmentally acquired, spore-forming bacterium is associated with colonization resistance to .

The Concepts of Social Space and Social Value: An Interpretation of Clinical Nursing Practice in Vietnam Các khái niệm về không gian xã hội và giá trị xã hội: diễn giải về thực hành điều dưỡng lâm sàng ở Việt Nam.

This research draws on broader inquiry that explores the construction of the spatial positioning of nurses in Vietnam and how power structures sustained that positioning. Observations and individual interviews were undertaken with 32 registered nurses. Analysis of participant data and relevant policy documents moved beyond coding to theorising and thus to the abstraction of key concepts.

Micellar Antibiotics of .

Members of the genus, particularly the " group", are known to produce amphipathic lipopeptides with biosurfactant activity. This includes the surfactins, fengycins and iturins that have been associated with antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-viral properties. We have screened a large collection of , isolated from human, animal, estuarine water and soil samples and found that the most potent lipopeptide producers are members of the species .

Atypical gnathostomiasis-confirmed cutaneous larva migrans, Vietnam.

We reported a case of gnathostomiasis in a 42-year-old woman with an unclear history of eating high-risk foods and had a non-migratory skin lesion, negative serological testing and normal blood eosinophil counts. A diagnosis of gnathostomiasis was based on a live, third-stage larva that was randomly taken from the patient's skin lesion by herself. The presenting case report demonstrates challenges in correctly diagnose cutaneous gnathostomiasis even in endemic countries due to atypical skin lesions, negative serology testing and the absence of eosinophilia and thus, the widely used classic triad of suggestive evidence of gnathostomiasis is not fulfilled.

Pyronaridine-artesunate Efficacy and Safety in Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Areas of Artemisinin-resistant Falciparum in Viet Nam (2017-2018).

Background: Multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum undermines the efficacy of currently deployed antimalarial therapies in southern Viet Nam.

Methods: Between May 2017 and December 2018, this prospective, open-label, single-arm, observational clinical trial, conducted in Binh Phuoc, Dak Nong, Gia Lai, Khanh Hoa, and Ninh Thuan provinces, evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral pyronaridine-artesunate once daily for 3 consecutive days in adults and children with microscopically confirmed P. falciparum malaria.

Para-cresol production by Clostridium difficile affects microbial diversity and membrane integrity of Gram-negative bacteria.

Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive spore-forming anaerobe and a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Disruption of the commensal microbiota, such as through treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, is a critical precursor for colonisation by C. difficile and subsequent disease.

A new methanogen "Methanobrevibacter massiliense" isolated in a case of severe periodontitis.

Background: A few methanogens have been previously recovered from periodontitis lesions, yet their repertoire may not be completed. We recovered a previously unreported methanogen species in this situation.

Case Presentation: A 64-year-old Caucasian woman was diagnosed with chronic, severe generalized periodontitis.

Inducible Expression of as a Universal Tool for Studying Sporulation in .

remains a leading nosocomial pathogen, putting considerable strain on the healthcare system. The ability to form endospores, highly resistant to environmental insults, is key to its persistence and transmission. However, important differences exist between the sporulation pathways of and the model Gram-positive organism .

The Spore Coat Protein CotE Facilitates Host Colonization by Clostridium difficile.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an important hospital-acquired infection resulting from the germination of spores in the intestine as a consequence of antibiotic-mediated dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Key to this is CotE, a protein displayed on the spore surface and carrying 2 functional elements, an N-terminal peroxiredoxin and a C-terminal chitinase domain. Using isogenic mutants, we show in vitro and ex vivo that CotE enables binding of spores to mucus by direct interaction with mucin and contributes to its degradation.

Tracing back ancient oral microbiomes and oral pathogens using dental pulps from ancient teeth.

Ancient dental pulps are highly precious samples because they conserve DNA from humans and blood-borne pathogens for ages. However, little is known about the microbial communities present in dental pulps. Here, we analyzed ancient and modern dental pulp samples from different time periods and geographic regions and found that they are colonized by distinct microbial communities, which can be differentiated from other oral cavity samples.

Mucosal Antibodies to the C Terminus of Toxin A Prevent Colonization of Clostridium difficile.

Mucosal immunity is considered important for protection against infection (CDI). We show that in hamsters immunized with spores expressing a carboxy-terminal segment (TcdA) of toxin A, no colonization occurs in protected animals when challenged with strain 630. In contrast, animals immunized with toxoids showed no protection and remained fully colonized.

Restricted diversity of dental calculus methanogens over five centuries, France.

Methanogens are acknowledged archaeal members of modern dental calculus microbiota and dental pathogen complexes. Their repertoire in ancient dental calculus is poorly known. We therefore investigated archaea in one hundred dental calculus specimens collected from individuals recovered from six archaeological sites in France dated from the 14(th) to 19(th) centuries AD.