Head-to-head comparison of Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT, F-FDG PET/CT, and contrast-enhanced CT for the detection of various tumors.

Objective: FAPI-PET/CT exhibits high tumor uptake and low background accumulation, enabling high-sensitivity tumor detection. We compared the diagnostic performance of  Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT plus contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT), F-FDG PET/CT plus CE-CT, and standalone CE-CT in patients with various malignancies.

Methods: 232 patients underwent  Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT,F-FDG PET/CT, and CE-CT each within 4 weeks.

Prognostic Implications of Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT-Derived Parameters on Overall Survival in Various Types of Solid Tumors.

Tumoral fibroblast activation protein expression is associated with proliferation and angiogenesis and can be visualized by PET/CT. We examined the prognostic value of [Ga]Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) (Ga-FAPI)-46 PET/CT for different tumor entities in patients enrolled in 2 prospective imaging studies (NCT05160051, = 30; NCT04571086, = 115). Within 4 wk, 145 patients underwent Ga-FAPI-46 and [F]FDG (F-FDG) PET/CT.

Safety and Efficacy of Selective Internal Radionuclide Therapy with Y Glass Microspheres in Patients with Progressive Hepatocellular Carcinoma after the Failure of Repeated Transarterial Chemoembolization.

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is currently the standard of care in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and selective internal radionuclide therapy (SIRT) with Y microspheres is mainly used as an alternative modality in patients considered poor candidates for TACE. Treatment with sorafenib is the recommended option for patients with progressive disease after TACE. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SIRT with glass microspheres in patients with progressive HCC after repeated TACE who are not eligible for treatment with sorafenib.

Systematic evaluation of human soft tissue attenuation correction in whole-body PET/MR: Implications from PET/CT for optimization of MR-based AC in patients with normal lung tissue.

Background: Attenuation correction (AC) is an important methodical step in positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) to correct for attenuated and scattered PET photons.

Purpose: The overall quality of magnetic resonance (MR)-based AC in whole-body PET/MRI was evaluated in direct comparison to computed tomography (CT)-based AC serving as reference. The quantitative impact of isolated tissue classes in the MR-AC was systematically investigated to identify potential optimization needs and strategies.

Voxel-Based Dosimetry Predicts Hepatotoxicity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Radioembolization with Y Glass Microspheres.

Personalized dosimetry holds promise to improve radioembolization treatment outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. To this end, tolerance absorbed doses for nontumor liver tissue are assessed by calculating the mean absorbed dose to the whole nontumor liver tissue (AD-WNTLT), which may be limited by its neglect of nonuniform dose distribution. Thus, we analyzed whether voxel-based dosimetry could be more accurate in predicting hepatotoxicity in HCC patients undergoing radioembolization.

Intra-Individual Comparison of I-PET/CT and I-PET/MR Hybrid Imaging of Patients with Resected Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Aspects of Attenuation Correction.

Background: This study evaluates the quantitative differences between 124-iodine (I) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and PET/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) in patients with resected differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).

Methods: = 43 I PET/CT and PET/MR exams were included. CT-based attenuation correction (AC) in PET/CT and MR-based AC in PET/MR with bone atlas were compared concerning bone AC in the head-neck region.

Enhancing Radioiodine Incorporation into Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer with MAPK Inhibition (ERRITI): A Single-Center Prospective Two-Arm Study.

Purpose: Restoration of iodine incorporation (redifferentiation) by MAPK inhibition was achieved in previously radioiodine-refractory, unresectable thyroid carcinoma (RR-TC). However, results were unsatisfactory in BRAFV600E-mutant (BRAF-MUT) RR-TC. Here we assess safety and efficacy of redifferentiation therapy through genotype-guided MAPK-modulation in patients with BRAF-MUT or wildtype (BRAF-WT) RR-TC.

Evaluation of improved CT-based hardware attenuation correction in PET/MRI: Application to a 16-channel RF breast coil.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate three different bilinear conversion curves for attenuation correction (AC) of a 16-channel radiofrequency (RF) coil in positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) breast cancer imaging.

Methods: The quantitative impact of three different bilinear conversions of computed tomography (CT) data for the AC of a 16-channel RF breast coil was systematically evaluated in phantom measurements and on n = 20 PET/MR patients with breast cancer. PET data were reconstructed four times: (1) no coil AC (C-NAC) serving as a reference, (2) established bilinear conversion by Carney et al.

Radiation Protection and Occupational Exposure on Ga-PSMA-11-Based Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging Procedures in Robot-Assisted Prostatectomy.

Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) was successfully implemented in the intraoperative context as a form of radioguided cancer surgery, showing promise in the detection of surgical margins during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. The present study was designed to provide a quantitative description of the occupational radiation exposure of surgery and histopathology personnel from CLI-guided robot-assisted radical prostatectomy after the injection of Ga-PSMA-11 in a single-injection PET/CT CLI protocol. Ten patients with preoperative Ga-PSMA-11 administration and intraoperative CLI were included.

Impact of germline polymorphisms in genes regulating glucose uptake on positron emission tomography findings and outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results from the PETAL trial.

Background: [F]Fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is the standard imaging procedure in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Disease presentation, FDG-PET/CT performance, and outcome may be influenced by germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes regulating glucose uptake.

Methods: Clinical variables, FDG-PET findings, and outcome were analysed in relation to SNPs in 342 DLBCL patients participating in the 'Positron Emission Tomography-Guided Therapy of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas' (PETAL) trial.

CAD-based hardware attenuation correction in PET/MRI: First methodical investigations and clinical application of a 16-channel RF breast coil.

Purpose: Aim of this study was to evaluate the use of computer-aided design (CAD) models for attenuation correction (AC) of hardware components in positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging.

Methods: The technical feasibility and quantitative impact of CAD-AC compared to computer tomography (CT)-based AC (reference) was investigated on a modular phantom consisting of 19 different material samples (plastics and metals arranged around a cylindrical emission phantom) typically used in phantoms, patient tables, and radiofrequency (RF) coils in PET/MR. The clinical applicability of the CAD-AC method was then evaluated on a 16-channel RF breast coil in a PET/MR patient study.

Initial Clinical Experience with Y-FAPI-46 Radioligand Therapy for Advanced-Stage Solid Tumors: A Case Series of 9 Patients.

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is overexpressed in several solid tumors and therefore represents an attractive target for radiotheranostic applications. Recent investigations demonstrated rapid and high uptake of small-molecule inhibitors of FAP (Ga-FAPI-46) for PET imaging. Here, we report our initial experience of the feasibility and safety of Y-FAPI-46 for radioligand therapy of extensively pretreated patients with solid tumors.

Comparison of pre- and post-contrast-enhanced attenuation correction using a CAIPI-accelerated T1-weighted Dixon 3D-VIBE sequence in Ga-DOTATOC PET/MRI.

Objectives: To investigate the influence of contrast agent administration on attenuation correction (AC) based on a CAIPIRINHA (CAIPI)-accelerated T1-weighted Dixon 3D-VIBE sequence in Ga-DOTATOC PET/MRI.

Material And Methods: Fifty-one patients with neuroendocrine tumors underwent whole-body Ga-DOTATOC PET/MRI for tumor staging. Two PET reconstructions were performed using AC-maps that were created using a high-resolution CAIPI-accelerated Dixon-VIBE sequence with an additional bone atlas and truncation correction using the HUGE (B0 homogenization using gradient enhancement) method before and after application of Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agent.

Evaluation of improved attenuation correction in whole-body PET/MR on patients with bone metastasis using various radiotracers.

Purpose: This study evaluates the quantitative effect of improved MR-based attenuation correction (AC), including bone segmentation and the HUGE method for truncation correction in PET/MR whole-body hybrid imaging specifically of oncologic patients with bone metastasis and using various radiotracers.

Methods: Twenty-three patients that underwent altogether 28 whole-body PET/MR examinations with findings of bone metastasis were included in this study. Different radiotracers (F-FDG, Ga-PSMA, Ga-DOTATOC, I-MIBG) were injected according to appropriate clinical indications.

Hybrid imaging for detection of carcinoma of unknown primary: A preliminary comparison trial of whole-body PET/MRI versus PET/CT.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the diagnostic potential of integrated whole-body [18F]FDG-PET/MRI to [18F]FDG-PET/CT for detection of a potential primary cancer and metastases in patients suspected for cancer of unknown primary (CUP).

Methods: A total of 20 patients (15 male, 5 female, age 53±13 years) suspect for CUP underwent a dedicated head and neck & whole-body [18F]FDG-PET/CT (Biograph mCT 128, Siemens Healthcare) and a subsequent simultaneous [18F]FDG-PET/MRI examination (Biograph mMR, Siemens Healthcare). Two readers rated the datasets (PET/CT; PET/MRI) regarding the detection of the primary cancer and metastases, lesion conspicuity (4-point ordinal scale) and diagnostic confidence (3-point ordinal scale).

Prognostic impact of incomplete surgical clearance of radioiodine sensitive local lymph node metastases diagnosed by post-operative (124)I-NaI-PET/CT in patients with papillary thyroid cancer.

Purpose: Nodal involvement is an independent risk factor of recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Neither the international guidelines nor the recently introduced ongoing risk adaptation concept consider the extent of initial surgical clearance of radioiodine sensitive lymph node metastases in their stratification systems. We investigated the prognostic relevance of incomplete initial surgical clearance in patients with purely lymphogeneous metastatic PTC (pN1 M0) despite successful radioiodine therapy.