A New Clade of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses from Australian Mosquitoes Displays Species-Specific Host Restriction.

Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses found worldwide and are responsible for significant human and veterinary diseases, including dengue, Zika, and West Nile fever. Some flaviviruses are insect specific and replicate only in mosquitoes. We report a genetically divergent group of insect-specific flaviviruses from mosquitoes that do not replicate in arthropod cell lines or heterologous species, exhibiting unprecedented specialization for their host species.

A novel insect-specific flavivirus replicates only in Aedes-derived cells and persists at high prevalence in wild Aedes vigilax populations in Sydney, Australia.

To date, insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) have only been isolated from mosquitoes and increasing evidence suggests that ISFs may affect the transmission of pathogenic flaviviruses. To investigate the diversity and prevalence of ISFs in Australian mosquitoes, samples from various regions were screened for flaviviruses by ELISA and RT-PCR. Thirty-eight pools of Aedes vigilax from Sydney in 2007 yielded isolates of a novel flavivirus, named Parramatta River virus (PaRV).

Aneurysmal degeneration of the donor artery after vascular access.

Objective: This retrospective study analyzed the characteristics, potential risks, and therapeutic options of true aneurysms of the donor artery in arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) for dialysis access.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data of patients with aneurysmal degeneration (AD) after AVF creation from surgeons who were members of the French Society for Vascular Access, treated from January 2006 to May 2011. The study excluded patients with pseudoaneurysms.