Identification of an lncRNA‑miRNA‑mRNA interaction mechanism in breast cancer based on bioinformatic analysis.

Non‑coding RNAs serve important roles in regulating the expression of certain genes and are involved in the principal biological processes of breast cancer. The majority of studies have focused on defining the regulatory functions of long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs), and few studies have investigated how lncRNAs and miRNAs are transcriptionally regulated. In the present study, based on the breast invasive carcinoma dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas at cBioPortal, and using a bioinformatics computational approach, an lncRNA‑miRNA‑mRNA network was constructed.

Effects of Gegen (Puerariae lobatae Radix) water extract on improving detrusor overactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Aim: Ex vivo experiments showed that the water extract of Puerariae lobatae Radix (named Gegen in Chinese) induced detrusor relaxation. The aim of this study was to prove the in vivo efficacy of Gegen on improving detrusor overactivity and its possible synergism with darifenacin (a first-line muscarinic receptor-3 inhibitor) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a rat model exhibiting symptoms of detrusor overactivity.

Method: After daily oral administration of Gegen 30 (Gegen, 30mg/kg); Gegen 300 (Gegen, 300mg/kg); Low_Dar (darifenacin, 3mg/kg); High_Dar (darifenacin, 30mg/kg) Low_Dar+Gegen 30 or High_Dar+Gegen 30 for 3 weeks, bladder detrusor strips of the rats were isolated and assessed with different stimulators for the measurement of tonic and phasic contractile activities (including phasic amplitude and frequency).

Short-Term Flavoxate Treatment Alters Detrusor Contractility Characteristics: Renewed Interest in Clinical Use?

Objectives: Flavoxate has had a long history of use in the treatment of overactive bladder, despite the lack of documentation on its clinical efficacy and mechanism(s) of action. This study was conducted to understand how contractility characteristics of the detrusor are affected after a short period of flavoxate treatment.

Methods: Eight-week-old mice were treated with flavoxate for 5 days and detrusor contractile responses were examined ex vivo under different pharmacological and electrical stimuli.

Chronic ketamine treatment-induced changes in contractility characteristics of the mouse detrusor.

Purpose: To understand bladder contractility changes induced by chronic ketamine treatment, noting the prevalence of its abuse worldwide.

Methods: A mouse model of chronic ketamine treatment was used and detrusor strip contractility was measured. Rising and falling phases of contractile responses as well as maximal, average sustained and phasic contractions were measured.

Current Evidence of Chinese Herbal Constituents with Effects on NMDA Receptor Blockade.

NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) is an important molecular entity governing a wide range of functions in the central nervous system. For example, the NMDA-R is involved in memory and cognition, and impairment of both (as in Alzheimer's Disease) is attributed to NMDA-mediated neurotoxicity. With greater understanding of the NMDA-R structure, antagonists with varying degrees of binding-site and subtype selectivity have been developed and put into clinical use.

Low concentrations of niflumic acid enhance basal spontaneous and carbachol-induced contractions of the detrusor.

Purpose: The urinary bladder expresses Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels (CACC), but its physiological role in governing contractility remains to be defined. The CACC modulator niflumic acid (NFA) is widely used despite the variable results arisen from different drug concentrations used. This study was designed to examine the effects of NFA at low concentrations on detrusor strip contractility.

Protective effects and potential mechanisms of Pien Tze Huang on cerebral chronic ischemia and hypertensive stroke.

Background: Stroke caused by brain ischemia is the third leading cause of adult disability. Active prevention and early treatment of stroke targeting the causes and risk factors may decrease its incidence, mortality and subsequent disability. Pien Tze Huang (PZH), a Chinese medicine formula, was found to have anti-edema, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects that can prevent brain damage.