Positive control synthesis method for COVID-19 diagnosis by one-step real-time RT-PCR.

Backgrounds: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still ongoing. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) is regarded as a gold-standard method for the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, unexpected contamination of synthesized positive control samples included in COVID-19 test kits have increased the inconclusiveness of disease interpretation.

Comparison between L and E gene amplification analytical methods for human papillomavirus typing.

Objective: L and E6/E7 gene amplification analyses were compared to identify human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and verify the HPV type, with the intent to minimize HPV typing errors.

Methods: L1 gene verified HPV typing was accomplished via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and membrane assays. Verification of HPV typing via E6/E7 genes was accomplished through nested multiplexed PCR.

Melanogenesis inhibitory effects of methanolic extracts of Umbilicaria esculenta and Usnea longissima.

The primary objective of this study was to assess the in vitro melanogenesis inhibitory effects of methanolic extracts of the edible and medicinal lichens, Umbilicaria (Gyrophora) esculenta and Usnea longissima. The quantities of the total phenolic compounds of methanolic extract of the two lichen extracts were determined to be 1.46% and 2.