Exit Interviews Exploring Patients' Experience of Change in Crohn's Disease Symptoms During the Mirikizumab Phase 3 Clinical Trial In Adult Patients With Moderately-to-Severely Crohn's Disease.

Background: Exit interviews with patients who completed the Phase 3 VIVID-1 mirikizumab clinical trial for moderately-to-severely active Crohn's disease explored the content validity of bowel urgency, stool frequency, and abdominal pain patient-reported outcome measures and perceptions of meaningful within-patient change and remission in these key Crohn's disease symptoms.

Methodology: Cognitive debriefing explored patient understanding of the bowel urgency numeric rating scale (Urgency NRS), Crohn's Disease Activity Index: Stool Frequency (CDAI-SF) and Abdominal Pain (CDAI-AP), and patient global rating/impression of severity/change (PGRS/PGIC). Perceptions of meaningful change and remission were explored qualitatively.

Efficacy and safety of mirikizumab in patients with moderately-to-severely active Crohn's disease: a phase 3, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, treat-through study.

Background: Mirikizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody that inhibits IL-23p19, is effective in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mirikizumab in patients with moderately-to-severely active Crohn's disease.

Methods: VIVID-1 was a global phase 3, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, treat-through study.

Increased expression of proton pump and allergic inflammation genes predicts PPI failure in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the standards of care of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) treatment, though PPI response rates are variable ranging from 23 to 63% in pediatric studies. We sought to determine if expression of select genes in esophageal mucosa can predict PPI responsiveness in EoE. Children with a new diagnosis of EoE (15 or more eosinophils/hpf on esophageal biopsy) were prospectively treated with 8 weeks of PPI therapy before follow-up esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).

The Effect of Amantadine on Agitation in the Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Population: A Case Series.

In this report, we present a case series involving four pediatric patients who sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and required intensive care unit admission immediately after the injury. In each of the four cases, amantadine was started during the acute care hospital admission to address agitation. Cases were retrieved from the electronic medical record at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between July 1, 2020, and October 31, 2022.

A National Study Exploring the Association Between Fluoride Levels and Dental Fluorosis.

Importance: While the effects of fluoride on health have been widely researched, fewer high-quality studies examine the association of fluoride levels in water and dental fluorosis.

Objective: To investigate the association between fluoride exposure from drinking water and dental fluorosis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used the 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2016).

An Exploration of the Use and Impact of Preventive Measures on Skin Cancer.

Background: Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer, and both clinical and epidemiological data link cumulative solar dosages and the number of sunburns to skin cancer. Each year, more than 5.4 million new cases of skin cancer are diagnosed, incurring a significant health and financial burden.

The association of adolescent e-cigarette harm perception to advertising exposure and marketing type.

Background: Despite controversy over their possible health consequences, manufacturers of e-cigarettes employ a variety of marketing media to increase their popularity among adolescents. This study analyzed the relationship between adolescent e-cigarette harm perception and five types of e-cigarette advertising exposures: social media, radio, billboard, newspaper, and television.

Methods: This study used data from Wave 4.

Using machine learning to identify factors associated with practice location of the healthcare workforce.

Introduction: Past studies examined factors associated with rural practice, but none employed newer machine learning (ML) methods to explore potential predictors. The primary aim of this study was to identify factors related to practice in a rural area. Secondary aims were to capture a more precise understanding of the demographic characteristics of the healthcare professions workforce in Utah (USA) and to assess the viability of ML as a predictive tool.

Multilevel Factors Affecting Healthcare Workers' Perceived Stress and Risk of Infection During COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study aimed to identify key factors affecting Healthcare workers (HCWs) perceived stress and risk of contracting COVID-19 among themselves and their family members during the pandemic. A cross-sectional online questionnaire study was conducted between 19 March and April 5, 2020 in Hong Kong. HCWs from public hospitals and private dentists, and their family members participated.

Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Scores Are High in Children Without Eosinophilic Disease.

Objectives: The Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) Symptom Score version 2 (PEESSv2.0) is an EoE-specific validated metric for disease monitoring, but its use has not been explored outside of EoE. Our aim was to determine if PEESSv2.

Inadequate Bowel Preparation in Pediatric Colonoscopy-Prospective Study of Potential Causes.

Objectives: Inadequate bowel preparation (IBP) for colonoscopy leads to missed diagnosis, longer anesthesia time, higher chance of complications and increased costs. Adult studies have demonstrated that patient characteristics such as male gender and obesity are associated with IBP. Little is known about factors affecting bowel preparation in children.

Preceptor Perceptions of Pharmacy Student Performance Before and After a Curriculum Transformation.

To explore preceptors' perceptions about the performance of undergraduate pharmacy students during experiential placements in Australia, before and after curricular transformation. Using a semi-structured approach, we interviewed 26 preceptors who had recently supervised students who took part in the transformed curriculum and students from the previous curriculum. A directed content analysis approach was used to analyze the transcripts.

Health Disparities Associated with Females Reporting Human Papillomavirus Infection in the United States.

Few studies provide detailed findings about the health disparities of women being told by a physician whether they have ever had a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study sought to characterize the prevalence and characteristics associated with women age 18 to 59 years in the United States who report being told they were infected with HPV. This study used data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey.

Examination of orthodontic expenditures and trends in the United States from 1996 to 2016: disparities across demographics and insurance payers.

Background: Orthodontics prevent and treat facial, dental, and occlusal anomalies. Untreated orthodontic problems can lead to significant dental public health issues, making it important to understand expenditures for orthodontic treatment. This study examined orthodontic expenditures and trends in the United States over 2 decades.

The Effects of Patient Demographics on Outpatient Endoscopy Utilization in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Objectives: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the esophagus that requires esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for diagnosis and treatment monitoring. We aimed to identify the frequency of endoscopic monitoring in children with EoE and observe the effect of age, race, socioeconomic factors, and atopy on the rate of endoscopy.

Methods: We queried the Pediatric Health Information System over a 15-year period for ambulatory EGDs in children with EoE.

Gastrointestinal Food Allergies and Intolerances.

Adverse reactions to food include immune-mediated food allergies, celiac disease, and nonimmune-mediated food intolerances. Differentiating between these many disorders is important to guide us toward appropriate testing and management. Double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges are the gold standard for food allergy diagnosis but are difficult and time-consuming.

Predicting all-cause 90-day hospital readmission for dental patients using machine learning methods.

Introduction: Hospital readmission rates are an indicator of the health care quality provided by hospitals. Applying machine learning (ML) to a hospital readmission database offers the potential to identify patients at the highest risk for readmission. However, few studies applied ML methods to predict hospital readmission.

Characterization of Infants with Idiopathic Transient and Persistent T Cell Lymphopenia Identified by Newborn Screening-a Single-Center Experience in New York State.

Purpose: Newborn screening (NBS) quantifies T cell receptor excision circles (TREC) and identifies infants with T cell lymphopenia (TCL). This study elucidates the demographics, laboratory characteristics, genetics, and clinical outcomes following live viral vaccine administration of term infants with transient or persistent idiopathic TCL.

Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis was performed from September 2010 through June 2018.

Artificial intelligence in dentistry: Harnessing big data to predict oral cancer survival.

Background: Oral cancer is the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide. Public knowledge in oral cancer risk factors and survival is limited.

Aim: To come up with machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict the length of survival for individuals diagnosed with oral cancer, and to explore the most important factors that were responsible for shortening or lengthening oral cancer survival.

Prediction of 30-Day Hospital Readmissions for All-Cause Dental Conditions using Machine Learning.

Introduction: It is unknown whether patients admitted for all-cause dental conditions (ACDC) are at high risk for hospital readmission, or what are the risk factors for dental hospital readmission.

Objective: We examined the prevalence of, and risk factors associated with, 30-day hospital readmission for patients with an all-cause dental admission. We applied artificial intelligence to develop machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict patients at risk of 30-day hospital readmission.

Machine Learning Approach to Predict Risk of 90-Day Hospital Readmissions in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Implications for Quality Improvement in Healthcare.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) in the elderly population is projected to increase over the next several decades. Catheter ablation shows promise as a treatment option and is becoming increasingly available. We examined 90-day hospital readmission for AF patients undergoing catheter ablation and utilized machine learning methods to explore the risk factors associated with these readmission trends.

Exploring the Intersection between Social Determinants of Health and Unmet Dental Care Needs Using Deep Learning.

The goals of this study were to develop a risk prediction model in unmet dental care needs and to explore the intersection between social determinants of health and unmet dental care needs in the United States. Data from the 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were used for this study. A chi-squared test was used to examine the difference in social determinants of health between those with and without unmet dental needs.

In an era of uncertainty: Impact of COVID-19 on dental education.

Purpose/objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic arguably represents the worst public health crisis of the 21 century. However, no empirical study currently exists in the literature that examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental education. This study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on dental education and dental students' experience.