HIV-Nef Protein Persists in the Lungs of Aviremic Patients with HIV and Induces Endothelial Cell Death.

It remains a mystery why HIV-associated end-organ pathologies persist in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART). One possible mechanism is the continued production of HIV-encoded proteins in latently HIV-infected T cells and macrophages. The proapoptotic protein HIV-Nef persists in the blood of ART-treated patients within extracellular vesicles (EVs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Bronchoalveolar lavage cellular patterns in monoclonal antibody-induced lung disease.

Background: The increase in the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAB) as a targeted therapy for a variety of diseases has been accompanied by an increase in reports of interstitial lung abnormalities in treated patients.

Objective: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is routinely performed in these patients to rule out infection, so we sought to determine the BAL cellular pattern in individuals with mAB-induced lung disease (mAB-ILD).

Methods: We utilized a case-control study design.

Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on viral burden in the lungs of HIV-infected subjects.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is readily detectable in the lungs of infected subjects and leads to an accumulation of CD8(+) lymphocytes in the alveolar space. Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is effective in reducing viremia, less is known about its effect on tissue compartments. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 723 Team evaluated the effect of HAART on lung viral load and cellular constituents.