Single-System-Based Generation of Certified Randomness Using Leggett-Garg Inequality.

We theoretically formulate and experimentally demonstrate a secure scheme for semi-device-independent quantum random number generation by utilizing Leggett-Garg inequality violations, within a loophole-free photonic architecture. The quantification of the generated randomness is rigorously estimated by analytical as well as numerical approaches, both of which are in perfect agreement. We securely generate 919 118 truly unpredictable bits at a rate of 3865  bits/sec.

Mass-Independent Scheme to Test the Quantumness of a Massive Object.

The search for empirical schemes to evidence the nonclassicality of large masses is a central quest of current research. However, practical schemes to witness the irreducible quantumness of an arbitrarily large mass are still lacking. To this end, we incorporate crucial modifications to the standard tools for probing the quantum violation of the pivotal classical notion of macrorealism (MR): while usual tests use the same measurement arrangement at successive times, here we use two different measurement arrangements.

Real time monitoring of transtibial elevated vacuum prostheses: A case series on socket air pressure.

Prosthetic elevated vacuum is a suspension method used to reduce daily volume changes of the residual limb. Evaluation of the effectiveness of these systems is limited due to a lack of correlation to actual socket air pressure, particularly during unconstrained movements. This may explain some of the variability in functional outcomes reported in the literature.

Nonclassicality of the Harmonic-Oscillator Coherent State Persisting up to the Macroscopic Domain.

Can the most "classical-like" of all quantum states, namely the Schrödinger coherent state of a harmonic oscillator, exhibit nonclassical behavior? We find that for an oscillating object initially in a coherent state, merely by observing at various instants which spatial region the object is in, the Leggett-Garg inequality (LGI) can be violated through a genuine negative result measurement, thereby repudiating the everyday notion of macrorealism. This violation thus reveals an unnoticed nonclassicality of the very state which epitomizes classicality within the quantum description. It is found that for any given mass and oscillator frequency, a significant quantum violation of LGI can be obtained by suitably choosing the initial peak momentum of the coherent state wave packet.

Duality in entanglement enabling a test of quantum indistinguishability unaffected by interactions.

We point out an earlier unnoticed implication of quantum indistinguishability, namely, a property which we call "dualism" that characterizes the entanglement of two identical particles (say, two ions of the same species)--a feature which is absent in the entanglement of two nonidentical particles (say, two ions of different species). A crucial application of this property is that it can be used to test quantum indistinguishability without bringing the relevant particles together, thereby avoiding the effects of mutual interaction. This is in contrast to the existing tests of quantum indistinguishability.

Rheumatoid arthritis: the role of early intervention and self-management.

2009 has seen the publication of a number of key documents relating to the care of people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence issued guidance on the management of RA in adults while the King's Fund and National Audit Office have reported on the services that are available for people with RA. This paper will provide an overview of these reports and their implications for primary care.

Exploring the healthcare journey of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a mapping project - implications for practice.

Objective: Consumers of healthcare can reveal important insights into the personal challenges they experience when negotiating their health needs. The National Rheumatoid Arthritis Society (NRAS) wanted to explore the experiences of those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in order to understand the impact on the individual and on healthcare resources and benchmark care against published standards and guidelines.

Methods: A project was designed to explore the experiences of individuals with sero-positive RA who had been diagnosed for three years or less.

Developing a new model of care for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of a nurse consultant in developing a new model of care for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Background: Patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain experience fragmented care and long waits to have their symptoms assessed [Clinical Standards Advisory Group (2000) Services for Patients with Pain. Department of Health, London].

Exploring the perceived role and impact of the nurse consultant.

Background: Nurse consultant roles were introduced in 1999 with defined role criteria including expert practice, research, education and leadership. The primary objective of the role is to develop nurses and nursing to provide effective patient outcomes. In 2000 the first nurse consultant in rheumatology was appointed to establish a co-ordinated service for the management of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Benchmarking the nurse consultant role in rheumatology.

This article demonstrates how the four core standards for the nurse consultant role have been developed and applied in the field of rheumatology. The authors suggest that the standards: expert practice, leadership and service redesign, research and education, are relevant for consultant nurses in all specialties. The standards can be used by other nurse consultants to benchmark their practice.

Generic entanglement generation, quantum statistics, and complementarity.

A general and an arbitrarily efficient scheme for entangling the spins (or any spinlike degree of freedom) of two independent uncorrelated identical particles by a combination of two particle interferometry and which way detection is formulated. It is shown that the same setup could be used to identify the quantum statistics of the incident particles from either the sign or the magnitude of measured spin correlations. Our setup also exhibits a curious complementarity between particle distinguishability and the amount of generated entanglement.