Studies of Langendorff-perfused rat hearts have revealed a biphasic response of the mitochondrial respiratory chain to global ischaemia. The initial effect is a 30-40% increase in the rate of glutamate/malate oxidation after 10 min of ischaemia, owing to an increase in the capacity for NADH oxidation. This effect is followed by a progressive decrease in these oxidative activities as the ischaemia is prolonged, apparently owing to damage to Complex I at a site subsequent to the NADH dehydrogenase component.
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