Shining the light on mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in breast cancer.

In women, breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a subgroup of heterogeneous non-hematopoietic fibroblast-like cells that have the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types. Recent studies stated that MSCs can migrate into the tumor sites and exert various effect on tumor growth and development.

Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cell in regenerative medicine: a narrative review.

The multipotency property of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has attained worldwide consideration because of their immense potential for immunomodulation and their therapeutic function in tissue regeneration. MSCs can migrate to tissue injury areas to contribute to immune modulation, secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and hide themselves from the immune system. Certainly, various investigations have revealed anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, reconstruction, and wound healing potentials of MSCs in many in vitro and in vivo models.

Role of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)-Derived exosomes in tumor progression and survival.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a quickly aggressive hematopoietic disorder that progress due to the accumulation and clonal expansion of immature myeloid cells. Despite the latest developments in AML treatment, repeated relapses and drug resistance remain one of the major challenges in treatment of leukemia. Currently, it is well known that the components of the tumor microenvironment such as cellular and non-cellular elements play a critical function in treatment failures of AML, also they are most common cause of complications including suppression of hematopoiesis.

Mechanisms of cancer stem cells drug resistance and the pivotal role of HMGA2.

Nowadays, the focus of researchers is on perceiving the heterogeneity observed in a tumor. The researchers studied the role of a specific subset of cancer cells with high resistance to traditional treatments, recurrence, and unregulated metastasis. This small population of tumor cells that have stem-cell-like specifications was named Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs).

Immunotherapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through mesenchymal stem cells.

Many pathophysiologic pathways and immune-pathologic etiologies are addressed as Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causes. Moreover, dysfunction of the immune system leads to inflammatory responses against intestinal components that boost disease severity. The use of routine treatments has limitations.

Targeted therapy of tumour microenvironment by gold nanoparticles as a new therapeutic approach.

Despite advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment, mortality associated with this malignant disease is still a major challenge in the health system. The tumour microenvironment (TME) provides a proper condition for cancer cells and gives rise to growth and metastasis. The TME is composed of fibroblasts, immune cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), endothelial cells, cytokines, and various factors; each of them has a special role in the process of tumour development.

Immunotherapy of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following COVID-19 through mesenchymal stem cells.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new type of coronavirus causing coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) that was first observed in Wuhan, China, in Dec. 2019. An inflammatory immune response targeting children appeared during the pandemic, which was associated with COVID-19 named multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Applications of Microfluidic Devices in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: A Review Study.

Many cancer-related deaths are reported annually due to a lack of appropriate diagnosis and treatment strategies. Microfluidic technology, as new creativity has a great impact on automation and miniaturization via handling a small volume of materials and samples (in microliter to femtoliter range) to set up the system. Microfluidic devices not only detect various cancer-diagnostic factors from biological fluids but also can produce proper nanoparticles for drug delivery.

Application of newly developed SARS-CoV2 serology test along with real-time PCR for early detection in health care workers and on-time plasma donation.

Background: As the daily number of coronavirus infection disease 19 (COVID19) patients increases, the necessity of early diagnosis becomes more obvious. In this respect, we aimed to develop a serological test for specifically detecting anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies.

Methods: We collected serum and saliva samples from 609 individuals who work at TBZMED affiliated hospitals in Tabriz, Iran, from April to June of 2020.

Mesenchymal stem cell alongside exosomes as a novel cell-based therapy for COVID-19: A review study.

In the past year, an emerging disease called Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been discovered in Wuhan, China, which has become a worrying pandemic and has challenged the world health system and economy. SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cell through a specific receptor (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) expressed on epithelial cells of various tissues. The virus, by inducing cell apoptosis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, generates as cytokine storm, which is the major cause of mortality in the patients.

Intrauterine administration of autologous hCG- activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells improves pregnancy outcomes in patients with recurrent implantation failure; A double-blind, randomized control trial study.

We aimed to investigate the effect of intrauterine administration of autologous hCG-activated PBMCs in RIF women with low Th-17/Treg cell ratio. 248 women with a history of implantation failure volunteered to receive PBMC-therapy. After immunologic consultation and doing flow cytometry analysis, 100 women with at least three IVF/ET failure who had low Th-17/Treg ratio in comparison with healthy control were enrolled in this study.

Sirolimus as a new drug to treat RIF patients with elevated Th17/Treg ratio: A double-blind, phase II randomized clinical trial.

Background: RIF is clinically defined as the failure of good quality embryos to implant into the uterus following at least three cycles of In Vitro Fertilization/Embryo Transfer (IVF/ET). During human pregnancy, a genetically different fetus is allowed to survive within the uterus despite the maternal recognition of fetal alloantigens. Compared with normal pregnant women, early loss of embryo is associated with systemic lower levels of Treg cells in IVF.

Chitosan (CMD)-mediated co-delivery of SN38 and Snail-specific siRNA as a useful anticancer approach against prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer is known as the most common malignancy in men. Chitosan has generated great interest as a useful biopolymer for the encapsulation of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Due to cationic nature, chitosan is able to efficiently encapsulate siRNA molecules and form nanoparticles.

Correction to: Peripheral Th17/Treg imbalance in elderly patients with ischemic stroke.

In the original article the terms RORγt and GF-β were misspelled throughout the text. They should read RORγt and TGF-β instead. We apologize for the inconvenience.

Peripheral Th17/Treg imbalance in elderly patients with ischemic stroke.

CD4CD25 regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells play important roles in peripheral immunity. Immune responses are main elements in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (IS). The contribution of Th17 cells in IS patients has not been proved, and whether the balance of Treg/Th17 cells is changed in IS patients remains unidentified.

Effects of HMGA2 siRNA and doxorubicin dual delivery by chitosan nanoparticles on cytotoxicity and gene expression of HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line.

Objective: Over-expressions of HMGA2, vimentin and MMP-9 and downregulation of E-cadherin occur on colorectal cancer cells followed by a reduction in let-7 as a regulatory factor. In this study, we first used carboxymethyl dextran (CMD)-chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) platform to encapsulate HMGA2 siRNA and doxorubicin (DOX), and then, we evaluated the efficacy of the simultaneous delivery of siRNA/drug on viability and gene expression of HT-29 cell lines.

Methods: ChNPs characteristics were determined by a dynamic light scattering and zeta sizer.