Differentiation and proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells using a three-dimensional decellularized testicular scaffold: a new method to study the testicular microenvironment in vitro.

Purpose: Successful in vitro transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) demands effective culture systems for SSCs proliferation and differentiation. Natural extracellular matrix (ECM) creates a microenvironment suitable for culture of stem cells. In the present study, we intended to assess the capability of the porous scaffold consisting of hyaluronic acid (HA), chitosan, and decellularized testicular matrix (DTM) as a proper niche for SSCs seeding.