Impact of baseline adipose tissue characteristics on change in adipose tissue volume during a low calorie diet in people with obesity-results from the LION study.

Background/objectives: Weight loss outcomes vary individually. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based evaluation of adipose tissue (AT) might help to identify AT characteristics that predict AT loss. This study aimed to assess the impact of an 8-week low-calorie diet (LCD) on different AT depots and to identify predictors of short-term AT loss using MRI in adults with obesity.

Association Between the Postprandial Response to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Anthropometric Changes After an 8-Week Low-Calorie Formula Diet - Results From the Lifestyle Intervention (LION) Study.

Scope: Interindividual variations in postprandial metabolism and weight loss outcomes have been reported. The literature suggests links between postprandial metabolism and weight regulation. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate if postprandial glucose metabolism after a glucose load predicts anthropometric outcomes of a weight loss intervention.

Multiomic ALS signatures highlight subclusters and sex differences suggesting the MAPK pathway as therapeutic target.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating motor neuron disease and lacks effective disease-modifying treatments. This study utilizes a comprehensive multiomic approach to investigate the early and sex-specific molecular mechanisms underlying ALS. By analyzing the prefrontal cortex of 51 patients with sporadic ALS and 50 control subjects, alongside four transgenic mouse models (C9orf72-, SOD1-, TDP-43-, and FUS-ALS), we have uncovered significant molecular alterations associated with the disease.

Evaluating Sex-specific Differences in Abdominal Fat Volume and Proton Density Fat Fraction at MRI Using Automated nnU-Net-based Segmentation.

Sex-specific abdominal organ volume and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) in people with obesity during a weight loss intervention was assessed with automated multiorgan segmentation of quantitative water-fat MRI. An nnU-Net architecture was employed for automatic segmentation of abdominal organs, including visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, liver, and psoas and erector spinae muscle, based on quantitative chemical shift-encoded MRI and using ground truth labels generated from participants of the Lifestyle Intervention (LION) study. Each organ's volume and fat content were examined in 127 participants (73 female and 54 male participants; body mass index, 30-39.

Long-lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle and body weight: results of representative cross-sectional surveys in adults in Germany.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected people's daily lives and health. Few studies have looked into the persistence of these changes. In the current study, we investigated to what extent changes in lifestyle and body weight were sustained after two years of restrictions.

Characterization of adults concerning the use of a hypothetical mHealth application addressing stress-overeating: an online survey.

Background: About 40% of people respond to stress by consuming more unhealthy foods. This behavior is associated with increased energy intake and the risk of obesity. As mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) have been shown to be an easy-to-use intervention tool, the characterization of potential app users is necessary to develop target group-specific apps and to increase adherence rates.

Phenotypic variation in biting behavior associated with differences in expression of olfactory genes in the vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae).

We evaluated miRNA and mRNA expression differences in head tissues between avid-biting vs. reluctant-biting Aedes albopictus (Skuse) females from a single population over a 20-min timescale. We found no differences in miRNA expression between avid vs.

MicroRNA Expression Prior to Biting in a Vector Mosquito Anticipates Physiological Processes Related to Energy Utilization, Reproduction and Immunity.

Understanding the molecular and physiological processes underlying biting behavior in vector mosquitoes has important implications for developing novel strategies to suppress disease transmission. Here, we conduct small-RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR to identify differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in the head tissues of two subspecies of that differ in biting behavior and the ability to produce eggs without blood feeding. We identified eight differentially expressed miRNAs between biting (Pipiens) and non-biting (Molestus); six of these miRNAs have validated functions or predicted targets related to energy utilization (miR8-5-p, miR-283, miR-2952-3p, miR-1891), reproduction (miR-1891), and immunity (miR-2934-3p, miR-92a, miR8-5-p).

Automated segmentation of the human supraclavicular fat depot via deep neural network in water-fat separated magnetic resonance images.

Background: Human brown adipose tissue (BAT), mostly located in the cervical/supraclavicular region, is a promising target in obesity treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for mapping the fat content quantitatively. However, due to the complex heterogeneous distribution of BAT, it has been difficult to establish a standardized segmentation routine based on magnetic resonance (MR) images.

Clock-talk: have we forgotten about geographic variation?

Wyeomyia smithii, the pitcher-plant mosquito, has evolved from south to north and from low to high elevations in eastern North America. Along this seasonal gradient, critical photoperiod has increased while apparent involvement of the circadian clock has declined in concert with the evolutionary divergence of populations. Response to classical experiments used to test for a circadian basis of photoperiodism varies as much within and among populations of W.

Evaluating a multimodal, clinical and work-directed intervention (RTW-PIA) to support sustainable return to work among employees with mental disorders: study protocol of a multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Mental disorders (MDs) are one of the leading causes for workforce sickness absence and disability worldwide. The burden, costs and challenges are enormous for the individuals concerned, employers and society at large. Although most MDs are characterised by a high risk of relapse after treatment or by chronic courses, interventions that link medical-psychotherapeutic approaches with work-directed components to facilitate a sustainable return to work (RTW) are rare.

Digital communication and virtual reality for extending the behavioural treatment of obesity - the patients' perspective: results of an online survey in Germany.

Background: CBT has been found effective for the treatment of EDs and obesity. However not all patients achieve clinically significant weight loss and weight regain is common. In this context, technology-based interventions can be used to enhance traditional CBT but are not yet widespread.

Association between Genotype and the Glycemic Response to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: A Systematic Review.

The inter-individual variability of metabolic response to foods may be partly due to genetic variation. This systematic review aims to assess the associations between genetic variants and glucose response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase) were searched for keywords in the field of genetics, OGTT, and metabolic response (PROSPERO: CRD42021231203).

Changes in Lifestyle and Body Weight in Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Representative Survey of Parents in Germany.

Introduction: The public restrictions taken during the COVID-19 pandemic have substantially affected lifestyle and health behavior of children and adolescents. In Germany, little is known how these changes influenced daily life in families with children and adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed in April/May 2022 across Germany, similar to a survey performed in 2020.

Latent Genetic Effects of Past Selection on Blood Feeding: History Matters.

Conventional wisdom is that selection decreases genetic variation in populations, variation that should enable and be essential for population persistence in an ever-changing world. Basically, we find the opposite. Response to selection on biting in the pitcher-plant mosquito, , increases from 20 to 80% in 19 generations, but reverts back to the original 20% after seven generations of relaxed (not reversed) selection.

Genetics and Epigenetics in Personalized Nutrition: Evidence, Expectations, and Experiences.

With the presentation of the blueprint of the first human genome in 2001 and the advent of technologies for high-throughput genetic analysis, personalized nutrition (PN) becomes a new scientific field and the first commercial offerings of genotype-based nutrition advice emerge at the same time. Here, the state of evidence for the effect of genetic and epigenetic factors in the development of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and resulting illnesses such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases is summarized. This study also critically value the concepts of PN that are built around the new genetic avenue from both the academic and a commercial perspective and their effectiveness in causing sustained changes in diet, lifestyle, and for improving health.

Carbohydrate intake - current knowledge on weight management.

Purpose Of Review: Carbohydrates are the main contributor to daily energy intake and, thus, might play an essential role in the development and treatment of obesity. This nonsystematic literature overview summarized current knowledge about the association between carbohydrate intake (quantity and quality) and weight management.

Recent Findings: There is scientific evidence for the association between the quality of carbohydrates and body weight or metabolic parameters (e.

Association between Habitual Diet and the Postprandial Glucose Response-An Enable Study.

Scope: It is inconclusive which factors influence inter-individual variations of postprandial glucose response (PPGR). This study investigates whether the habitual diet is associated with PPGR.

Methods And Results: Data from healthy adults (young adults with 18-25 years, middle-aged adults with 40-65 years, and older adults with 75-85 years) is collected at baseline and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) collected.

Conserved molecular pathways underlying biting in two divergent mosquito genera.

Mosquitoes transmit a wide variety of devastating pathogens when they bite vertebrate hosts and feed on their blood. However, three entire mosquito genera and many individual species in other genera have evolved a nonbiting life history in which blood is not required to produce eggs. Our long-term goal is to develop novel interventions that reduce or eliminate the biting behavior in vector mosquitoes.