Prognostic Value of Exon-20 Insertions in Czech Patients With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background/aim: Per literature, patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon-20 insertions respond poorly to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This study analyzed real-world data to examine the prognostic and predictive value of these mutations.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Czech TULUNG Registry data, with data on multiple mutation types, collected in 2011-2020.

Identification of tumors with NRG1 rearrangement, including a novel putative pathogenic UNC5D-NRG1 gene fusion in prostate cancer by data-drilling a de-identified tumor database.

The fusion genes containing neuregulin-1 (NRG1) are newly described potentially actionable oncogenic drivers. Initial clinical trials have shown a positive response to targeted treatment in some cases of NRG1 rearranged lung adenocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic carcinoma. The cost-effective large scale identification of NRG1 rearranged tumors is an open question.

IDH1 mutation is associated with lower expression of VEGF but not microvessel formation in glioblastoma multiforme.

Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most malignant primary brain tumor characterized by pathological vascularization. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) were observed in GBM. We aimed to assess the intra-tumor hypoxia, angiogenesis and microvessel formation in GBM and to find their associations with IDH1 mutation status and patients prognosis.

The Effectiveness of Febrile Neutropenia Prophylaxis with Lipegfilgrastim in Routine Clinical Practice.

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common and potentially fatal complication of anticancer treatment, particularly in patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. It has been shown that prophylaxis with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), especially its pegylated forms, significantly reduces the incidence of FN, the likelihood of chemotherapy dose intensity reduction and, also, the number of hospitalizations due to FN. This review discusses currently published results from clinical trials dealing with FN prophylaxis in routine clinical practice in patients with solid tumors and myeloproliferative malignancies with a focus on lipegfilgrastim, which is the newest modification of the original molecule filgrastim.

Evaluation of Tumor Markers and Their Impact on Prognosis in Gallbladder, Bile Duct and Cholangiocellular Carcinomas - A Pilot Study.

Background/aim: The behavior of tumor markers in biliary tract malignancies is not well-known and has been scarcely studied. Such markers could play important roles in diagnostic and prognostic schemes as well as in decision-making about the best treatment strategies. This study analyzed the preoperative serum levels of conventional tumor markers (AFP, CEA, CA 19-9, CA 72-4), proliferative marker thymidine kinase (TK) and cytokeratins (TPA, TPS and CYFRA 21.

Advances in Experimental Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults with generally dismal prognosis, early clinical deterioration and high mortality. GBM is extremely invasive, characterized by intense and aberrant vascularization and high resistance to multimodal treatment. Standard therapy (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide) has very limited effectiveness, with median overall survival of patients no longer than 15 months.

Pre-transplant Quantitative Determination of NPM1 Mutation Significantly Predicts Outcome of AIlogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Normal Karyotype AML in Complete Remission.

Background/aim: Minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) can influence the results of therapy. With the aim of evaluating the potential role of pre-transplant MRD, we studied the impact of pre-transplant MRD level on the outcome of alloHSCT in patients with AML in complete remission (CR).

Patients And Methods: From 2/2005 to 9/2014, 60 patients with a median age of 54 years (range=30-66 years) with normal karyotype-AML harboring nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutation [53% Fms-related tyrosine kinase receptor 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3/ITD)-positive] in first (n=45) or second (n=15) CR underwent myeloablative (n=16) or reduced-intensity (n=44) alloHSCT (27% related, 73% unrelated).

The Role of Cetuximab in the Induction of Anticancer Immune Response in Colorectal Cancer Treatment.

Monoclonal antibodies binding the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), such as cetuximab or panitumumab, are widely used targeted therapeutics for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. The clinical significance of these drugs has so far been associated with combined chemotherapy or radiation. It has been shown that these treatment strategies have their clinical limitations and do not fully exploit the immunomodulatory effect of these drugs.

Patient-reported outcomes with lanreotide Autogel/Depot for carcinoid syndrome: An international observational study.

Background: Lanreotide Autogel/Depot effectively controls symptoms in patients with carcinoid syndrome associated with neuroendocrine tumours. Data on patient-reported outcomes are sparse.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of lanreotide on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) with carcinoid syndrome.

G12V and G12A KRAS mutations are associated with poor outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with bevacizumab.

The v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations are found in 35-45 % of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. Although the association between the RAS signaling and angiogenesis is well known, the negative predictive value of KRAS mutation has not been established in patients treated with bevacizumab. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between specific KRAS mutation types and outcome of patients with metastatic CRC treated with bevacizumab.

Tissue Biomarkers in Predicting Response to Sunitinib Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Aim: To identify tissue biomarkers that are predictive of the therapeutic effect of sunitinib in treatment of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mCRCC).

Materials And Methods: Our study included 39 patients with mCRCC treated with sunitinib. Patients were stratified into two groups based on their response to sunitinib treatment: non-responders (progression), and responders (stable disease, regression).

[The importance of early tumor shrinkage and deepness of response in assessing the efficacy of systemic anticancer treatment with metastatic colorectal cancer].

Background: The efficacy of anticancer therapy is regularly evaluated using the following indicators -  objective response rate, progression free survival and overall survival. The change in the tumor burden extent is assessed by the cumulative change in the size of target tumor lesions using imaging methods where WHO and RECIST criteria are most frequently used. The main problem of these criteria is that they use different definitions of response rate evaluation.

The Association of Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9, Thymidine Kinase, and Tissue Polypeptide Specific Antigen with Outcomes of Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Bevacizumab: a Retrospective Study.

The aim of our retrospective study was to analyze the association of selected tumor markers (TMs) including serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), thymidine kinase, and tissue polypeptide specific antigen with outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with bevacizumab. There is an increasing body of evidence from retrospective/observational studies that some serum TMs may be predictive of effect of targeted therapies in mCRC. In our study, the cohort included 152 patients treated with bevacizumab-based therapy between years 2005 and 2014 at Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical School and Teaching Hospital Pilsen.

[Deferred breast reconstruction - soul surgery?].

Background: The loss or mutilation of a breast as a result of surgical treatment of neoplastic disease always represents a negative impact on a woman's psyche and negatively influences the quality of the woman's remaining life. The goal of our work was to implement deferred breast reconstruction into routine practice and the objectification of the influence of reconstruction on bodily integrity, quality of life, and the feeling of satisfaction in women.

Methods And Results: Women in remission from neoplastic disease after a radical mastectomy were indicated for breast reconstruction.

[Chylous ascites as a serious complication of the neuroendocrine tumor of ileum - case report].

Background: Chylous ascites is a rare complication of the gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor. There are two mechanisms of its origin: mechanical obstruction by the tumor mass and fibrosis of the surrounding tissue due to overproduction of serotonin. Its presence restricts treatment options.

[Polyneuropathic pain therapy with a patient suffering from generalized castrate- resistant prostate cancer - clinical case report].

Background: Tapentadol is a µ -opioid receptors agonist as well as an inhibitor of noradrenaline reuptake. This pharmacologic profile of tapentadol makes it a suitable drug of choice in nociceptive and neuropathic pain control.

Case Report: This clinical report pressents a 65year old man with poorly differentiated prostate cancer -  Gleason score 8 (4 + 4) with metastatic bone disease.

Tumor markers in colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and gastrointestinal stromal cancers: European group on tumor markers 2014 guidelines update.

Biomarkers currently play an important role in the detection and management of patients with several different types of gastrointestinal cancer, especially colorectal, gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) adenocarcinomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). The aim of this article is to provide updated and evidence-based guidelines for the use of biomarkers in the different gastrointestinal malignancies. Recommended biomarkers for colorectal cancer include an immunochemical-based fecal occult blood test in screening asymptomatic subjects ≥50 years of age for neoplasia, serial CEA levels in postoperative surveillance of stage II and III patients who may be candidates for surgical resection or systemic therapy in the event of distant metastasis occurring, K-RAS mutation status for identifying patients with advanced disease likely to benefit from anti-EGFR therapeutic antibodies and microsatellite instability testing as a first-line screen for subjects with Lynch syndrome.

The role of cetuximab in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.

Targeted biological therapy is becoming a standard in personalized medicine for patients with advanced stages of cancer. Treatment with cetuximab, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody, represents an example of personalized anticancer therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and wild (non-mutated) type of the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS). Here the role of cetuximab in treating metastatic colorectal cancer is discussed with a focus on the treatment of hepatic metastases.

Functional, genetic, and epigenetic aspects of base and nucleotide excision repair in colorectal carcinomas.

Purpose: DNA repair capacity (DRC) is a determinant not only of cancer development but also of individual response to therapy. Previously, altered base and nucleotide excision repair (BER and NER) have been described in lymphocytes of patients with sporadic colorectal cancer. We, for the first time, evaluate both excision repair capacities in human colon biopsies to study their participation in colorectal tumorigenesis.

Immediately preoperative use of biological therapy does not influence liver regeneration after large resection--porcine experimental model with monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor.

Background: The aim of this work was to study the influence of isolated biological therapy administered immediately before extended liver resection on liver function and regenerative capacity of future liver remnant (FLR) in a large-animal experiment.

Materials And Methods: Nineteen piglets were included in this study (10 in the control group and 9 in the experimental group). A port-a-cath was introduced into the superior caval vein.

Infiltration of colorectal carcinoma by S100+ dendritic cells and CD57+ lymphocytes as independent prognostic factors after radical surgical treatment.

Background: S100(+) dendritic cells and CD57(+) lymphocytes are factors reflecting the immune system's ability to suppress the progress of tumor growth. CD57(+) cells include natural killer cells and late stages of T-effector lymphocytes. We evaluated the relationship between the known clinical and histological factors and tumor markers as well as the presence of S100(+) and CD57(+) cells in the tissue of colorectal carcinoma with the aim of detecting patients at high risk of short overall survival (OS) or short disease-free interval (DFI) after radical surgical treatment and we further analyzed whether S100(+) and CD57(+) positivity could bring on new information regarding the treatment regimen.

Cytokeratin serum biomarkers in patients with colorectal cancer.

Background: Circulating cytokeratins have shown to be important for management of patients with lung cancer. Here we investigated their role for differential diagnosis, therapy monitoring and prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Patients And Methods: Pretherapeutic levels of cytokeratin-19 fragments (CYFRA 21-1), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen (CA) 19-9 were measured in 42 patients with CRC, 45 with benign colorectal diseases and 51 healthy controls.

Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in correlation to proliferative and classical tumour markers during surgical therapy of colorectal liver metastases.

Objectives: Classical and proliferative tumour markers and matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors reflect the features of malignancy and are useful in prediction of prognosis in patients with colorectal liver metastases. There is very limited information about their physiological functions during regeneration and healing of liver parenchyma after any type of liver surgery for malignancy.

Methods: The presented study included the patients, who underwent following surgical procedures for CLM, benign liver lesions and inguinal hernias: Group A: 22 patients with inguinal hernias, Group B: 26 patients with benign liver lesions, Group C: 30 patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM) who were treated by radiofrequency ablation, Group D: 41 patients with CLM who underwent a radical surgical therapy - resection, and Group E: 22 patients with inoperable CLM who underwent an explorative laparotomy without any surgical procedure.

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha stimulates liver regeneration in porcine model of partial portal vein ligation.

Background/aims: Portal vein ligation (PVL) could multiply the future liver remnant volume (FLRV). Tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is connected with initial phase of liver regeneration. The aim of this basic pilot study was to accelerate regeneration of liver parenchyma after PVL.

The role of ABC transporters in progression and clinical outcome of colorectal cancer.

Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, with the highest mortality rates occurring in Central Europe. The use of chemotherapy to treat CRC is limited by the inter-individual variability in drug response and the development of cancer cell resistance. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a crucial role in the development of resistance by the efflux of anticancer agents outside of cancer cells.