Connectivity of the neuronal network for contextual fear memory is disrupted in a mouse model of third-trimester binge-like ethanol exposure.

Background: In rodents, third-trimester-equivalent alcohol exposure (TTAE) produces significant deficits in hippocampal-dependent memory processes such as contextual fear conditioning (CFC). The present study sought to characterize changes in both behavior and Fos neurons following CFC in ethanol (EtOH)-treated versus saline-treated mice using TRAP2:Ai14 mice that permanently label Fos neurons following a tamoxifen injection. We hypothesized that TTAE would produce long-lasting disruptions to the networks engaged following CFC with a particular emphasis on the limbic memory system.

Objecting to experiments that compare two unobjectionable policies or treatments.

Randomized experiments have enormous potential to improve human welfare in many domains, including healthcare, education, finance, and public policy. However, such "A/B tests" are often criticized on ethical grounds even as similar, untested interventions are implemented without objection. We find robust evidence across 16 studies of 5,873 participants from three diverse populations spanning nine domains-from healthcare to autonomous vehicle design to poverty reduction-that people frequently rate A/B tests designed to establish the comparative effectiveness of two policies or treatments as inappropriate even when universally implementing either A or B, untested, is seen as appropriate.

Sacral Pedicle Stress Fracture in an Adolescent Competitive Basketball and Track and Field Athlete with a Prior Femoral Physeal Injury: A Case Report.

A sacral pedicle stress fracture is an uncommon source of low back pain in adolescent athletes. Given the extensive differential diagnosis of low back pain coupled with the fact that nondirected specific imaging can be normal, diagnosis can be delayed. We report the case of a 15-year-old African American male, dual-sport athlete who experienced low back pain from a sacral pedicle stress fracture.

Evaluation of a Web-based decision aid for people considering the APOE genetic test for Alzheimer risk.

Purpose: With the increasing interest in apolipoprotein E (APOE) genetic testing to estimate the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer disease, new educational tools are needed to help people make the best decision for themselves about whether to undergo this test. This study evaluated an online tool to assist in this decision process.

Methods: A prototype decision aid was studied in a two-part survey that collected data from participants before and after they examined the decision aid.

Efficacy of classification-specific treatment and adherence on outcomes in people with chronic low back pain. A one-year follow-up, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Background: It is unknown if low back pain (LBP) outcomes are enhanced by classification-specific treatment based on the Movement System Impairment classification system. The moderating effect of adherence to treatment also is unknown.

Objectives: Compare the efficacy of a classification-specific treatment (CS) and a non classification-specific (NCs) treatment and examine the moderating effect of adherence on outcomes.

Clinical examination procedures to determine the effect of axial decompression on low back pain symptoms in people with chronic low back pain.

Study Design: Observational.

Objective: To assess the effects of spinal decompression procedures performed during a clinical exam on low back pain (LBP) symptoms.

Background: Not all patients report an immediate or complete improvement in symptoms when the direction of lumbar motion or alignment is corrected according to principles of the movement system impairment (MSI) model.

Forest restoration potentials of coal-mined lands in the eastern United States.

The Appalachian region in the eastern United Sates is home to the Earth's most extensive temperate deciduous forests, but coal mining has caused forest loss and fragmentation. More than 6000 km in Appalachia have been mined for coal since 1980 under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA). We assessed Appalachian areas mined under SMCRA for forest restoration potentials.

Treatment of patella alta with taping, exercise, mobilization, and functional activity modification: a case report.

Knee pain associated with patella alta (PA) can limit involvement in sport or work activities and prevent an individual from performing basic functional tasks. This case report describes the use of patellar taping to treat an individual with PA. The patient was a 56 year-old female with bilateral knee pain associated with PA.

African americans may have to consume more than 12 grams a day of resistant starch to lower their risk for type 2 diabetes.

African Americans have a high prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). High-maize 260 (National Starch and Chemical Co., Bridgewater, NJ, USA) resistant starch (RS) is a promising food ingredient to reduce risk factors for type 2 DM.

Development and preliminary reliability testing of an assessment of patient independence in performing a treatment program: standardized scenarios.

Background: Physical therapists often assess patient independence through observation; however, it is not known if therapists make these judgments reliably. We have developed a standardized method to assess a patient's ability to perform his or her treatment program independently.

Objectives: To develop a standardized assessment of patient independence in performance of a treatment program and examine the intra- and inter-rater reliability decisions made by two physical therapists.

Isoflavones improve plasma homocysteine status and antioxidant defense system in healthy young men at rest but do not ameliorate oxidative stress induced by 80% VO2pk exercise.

Aims: (1) Determination of whether isoflavones, as antioxidants and estrogen-like substances, reduce the atherosclerotic process. (2) Assessment of isoflavone anti-atherosclerotic effectiveness by means of measuring plasma markers of atherosclerosis: homocysteine (Hcy), antioxidant status, and lipid peroxidation. (3) Testing of isoflavone antioxidant effectiveness in the presence and absence of oxidative stress induced by exercise.

Autism in the Haifa area--an epidemiological perspective.

Background: Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder. The incidence rate and other related epidemiological characteristics of the Israeli population are not available.

Objectives: To assess the incidence rate of autism in the Haifa area and to compare family characteristics with previous reports from other countries.

Vascular surgeons--do they make a difference in peripheral vascular disease?

Background: The purpose of this study was to quantitate the effect of surgeons with added qualifications in general vascular surgery on aortic and peripheral vascular surgery performed in a community hospital.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study covering a 22-year period and comparing indications, procedures, and results of surgeons who had added qualifications in general vascular surgery with those of board certified general and thoracic surgeons in a private hospital. In Period I (1975-1982), there were 702 vascular procedures all performed by thoracic (65%) and general (35%) surgeons.

Severe carotid arterial disease: a diagnostic enigma.

The development of the duplex scanner has made the diagnosis of carotid arterial disease easy to those trained in its interpretation. The difficulty lies in the ability to define the patient population most likely to benefit from early diagnosis and treatment. All patients referred to the vascular laboratories at two major hospitals for evaluation of neurologic symptoms were entered into the study.

Developmental regression in autism: maternal perception.

Developmental regression among children with autism is a common phenomenon of unknown origin. The purpose of this study was to identify the differences between children with autism who reportedly regressed with those who did not regress. A representative group of 39 mothers were interviewed (40 children--1 pair of twin girls) about familial, pregnancy, perinatal, as well as medical history and developmental milestones.

Retrospective evaluation of urinary tract infection in 42 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism or diabetes mellitus or both.

A retrospective study was performed to determine the proportion of dogs with hyperadrenocorticism or diabetes mellitus or both that had urinary tract infection (UTI) and to describe clinical and laboratory findings. Dogs with these endocrine disorders were included if results of quantitative urine culture were available and dogs were not receiving antimicrobials. Dogs with positive urine cultures were considered to have UTI and dogs with negative urine cultures were used as controls.

The effects of peripheral vascular disease with osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot.

Background: Osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot is a difficult problem with multiple etiologies. The effects of peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, and repetitive trauma all interact to produce complex lesions with exposed bone, surrounding cellulitis, and gangrenous changes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study over a 14-year period at a community hospital looking at osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot.