Colonic tattooing with India ink: benefits, risks, and alternatives.

Objective: To provide comprehensive information on key issues concerning colonic tattooing with India ink in reported literature.

Methods: A total of 735 citations on India ink alone were present in the English literature (1966-1995), including 16 on India ink and colonic tattooing. Nine major studies were identified and reviewed for 1) preparation before tattooing (type of ink used, sterilization process, colonic preparation, and antibiotic prophylaxis), 2) the tattooing process (technique and volume injected), 3) success in localization, and 4) complications.

Mode of food intake reduction in Lewis rats with indomethacin-induced ulcerative ileitis.

The mechanism of anorexia in inflammatory bowel disease is poorly understood. To gain insight into possible pathophysiologic mechanisms, the feeding indices and food intake were studied in an animal model of Crohn's disease. The anorexia of indomethacin-induced ulcerative ileitis was compared with that of the well-known anorexia of total parenteral nutrition (TPN).

Indomethacin fails to induce ulceration in the gastrointestinal tract of newborn and suckling rats.

Little is known about the role of oral prostaglandins and maintenance of intestinal epithelial cell membrane integrity in suckling animals. The presence of prostaglandins in milk suggests that they may have potential cytoprotective effects. Thus, experiments were performed to determine whether indomethacin causes inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract of suckling animals.

Dietary fiber decreases cholesterol and phospholipid synthesis in rat intestine.

The effects of fiber ingestion on the incorporation of oleic acid into triglyceride and lecithin, acetate incorporation into cholesterol, and monosaccharide and amino acid transport were determined in rat intestine. Prolonged pectin (10% by weight) ingestion caused a decrease in jejunal and ileal cholesterol synthesis (33% and 52%, respectively). Pectin ingestion reduced cholesterol synthesis by 60% in ileal crypt cells, but did not affect cholesterol synthesis in the jejunal or ileal villus cells or in jejunal crypt cells.

Growth and riboflavin status of rats fed different levels of protein and riboflavin.

The relationship between riboflavin and protein utilization was studied in 5-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, by using a factorial design with three levels of riboflavin (8, 16 and 24 microgram per rat per day) and protein (1.0, 1.6 and 2.

Veterans Administration cooperative study on aphasia: a comparison of individual and group treatment.

Five Veterans Administration Medical Centers participated in an investigation designed to compare individual with group treatment for aphasic patients who had suffered a left hemisphere cerebral vascular accident. Patients who met selection criteria were assigned randomly to either traditional, individual, stimulus-response type treatment of specific language deficits or group therapy designed to improve communication through group interaction and discussion with no direct treatment of specific language deficits. All patients received eight hours of therapy each week beginning at four weeks postonset and continuing until 48 weeks postonset or until they dropped out of the study.

Chronic protracted diarrhea and jejunal atrophy in an infant. Cimetidine-associated stimulation of jejunal mucosal growth.

An infant with 21 months of chronic protracted diarrhea, associated with intestinal mucosal atrophy, decreased crypt mitotic activity, and anti-intestinal antibodies is reported. During a 4-month period, cimetidine was used in an attempt to stimulate mucosal growth. Thirty-minute postprandial serum gastrin levels rose significantly during cimetidine therapy (663 /+- 115 pg/ml, mean /+- SEM).

Effect of insulin on in vitro intestinal fatty acid esterification in the rat.

We have previously shown that glucose metabolism plays an important role in modifying intestinal fatty acid esterification. Because it is well known that glucose metabolism is under insulin regulation, we examined the effect of insulin on intestinal fatty acid esterification. Insulin pretreatment led to a marked decrease in in vitro intestinal fatty acid esterification, but this decrease was abolished by maintaining blood glucose above 80 mg/dl.

Phosphatidylcholine synthesis in the developing small intestine.

1. Phosphatidylcholine synthesis in the foetal, newborn and adult small intestine of rats was studied by determination of cytidine diphosphocholine-1,2-diacylglycerocholine phosphotransferase (cholinephosphotransferase) and acyl-CoA-1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine acyltransferase (lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase) activities and the incorporation of [1-14C]oleic acid into phosphatidylcholine. 2.

Prognostic value of EEG in acute vascular aphasia: a long term clinical-EEG study of 53 patients.

A group of 53 patients rendered acutely aphasic by occlusive cerebrovascular disease were studied by serial EEG's, repeated neurologic examinations and speech evaluations (Porch Index of Communicative Ability) over a period of eight to twenty-four months, in order to correlate EEG findings with the degree of language disorder and prognosis for language recovery. Normal and mildly abnormal EEG's, posterior slow foci, focal slowing of semirhythmic type and higher alpha frequencies over the intact hemisphere correlated with good language recovery. In the majority of the patients, the curves of "EEG Improvement" and "Language Recovery" closely paralleled each other.

Uptake of glycine by human kidney cortex.

The transport of glycine was investigated in histologically normal adult human kidney cortical slices. Uptake occurs against a gradient and shows concentration dependence. Kinetic analysis reveals two systems for transport of glycine with apparent transport Km values of 0.

Liquid membrane capsules for treatment of uremia.

The objective of the program is to use ingested liquid membrane capsules (LMC) as gastrointestinal toxin traps as an adjunct to dialysis. Urea has been selected as the model toxic component to study before expanding the technology to other toxins. Transport across the small intestinal mucosa has been indicated to be adequate.

Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, neutropenia, and pancreatic insufficiency presenting with respiratory distress in the neonatal period.

Two pairs of brothers suffered respiratory distress in the newborn period because their ribs were abnormally short. The diagnostic radiological features of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia appeared only in the second year. Pancreatic insufficiency and neutropenia were present.

The effects of exchange transfusion on intracranial pressure in patients with Reye syndrome.

Intracranial pressure has been monitored in ten patients with Reye syndrome. All of the patients were comatose and all were treated with dexamethasone, mannitol, hyperventilation, and multiple exchange transfusions. Five of these children are alive and well; five died.

Uptake, activation, and esterification of fatty acids in the small intestine of suckling rat.

The small intestinal mucosal phase of fatty acid absorption was studied in suckling and adult rats. Fatty acid binding protein (FABP) is present in the cytosol of jejunal mucosa of 6-day-old rats in amounts equivalent to that found in mucosal cytosol of adult rats (16.4% and 15.