Immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and IgE-mediated immune responses of a mixed whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccine schedule in Australian infants: A randomised, double-blind, noninferiority trial.

Background: In many countries, infant vaccination with acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines has replaced use of more reactogenic whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines. Based on immunological and epidemiological evidence, we hypothesised that substituting the first aP dose in the routine vaccination schedule with wP vaccine might protect against IgE-mediated food allergy. We aimed to compare reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and IgE-mediated responses of a mixed wP/aP primary schedule versus the standard aP-only schedule.

Mapping Lung Hematopoietic Progenitors: Developmental Kinetics and Response to Influenza A Infection.

The bone marrow is a specialized niche responsible for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during homeostasis and inflammation. Recent studies, however, have extended this essential role to the extramedullary and extravascular lung microenvironment. Here, we provide further evidence for a reservoir of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells within the lung from Embryonic Day 18.

Expanding the Public Health Pipeline Through the Public Health Influencers Summer Institute.

The need for a robust public health system in the United States is critical for safeguarding population health. However, current data suggest an insufficient number of individuals entering or staying in the governmental public health workforce. Expanding the public health pipeline requires creative thinking about recruitment and training activities.

Quality Assessment of Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Patient Information on the Internet Using the Modified Ensuring Quality Information for Patients Tool.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the quality of patient information material regarding elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair on the internet using the Modified Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (MEQIP) tool.

Methods: A qualitative assessment of internet based patient information was performed. The 12 most used search terms relating to AAA repair were identified using Google Trends, with the first 10 pages of websites retrieved for each term searched.

Impaired interferon response in plasmacytoid dendritic cells from children with persistent wheeze.

Background: Impaired interferon response and allergic sensitization may contribute to virus-induced wheeze and asthma development in young children. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a key role in antiviral immunity as critical producers of type I interferons. pDCs also express the high-affinity IgE receptor through which type I interferon production may be negatively regulated.

Height with Age Affects Body Mass Index (BMI) Assessment of Chronic Disease Risk.

Body mass index (BMI) is a function of weight and height, but changing height has not been emphasized. Using the Framingham Heart Study with 5 decades of data on anthropomorphic measurements and disease states, changing height with age was extracted, and BMI was calculated using current and "young" height (calculated as height at age < 40 years). Decreased height began at age 40, with a mean loss from ages 40 to 80 of 4.

Single cell transcriptomics reveals cell type specific features of developmentally regulated responses to lipopolysaccharide between birth and 5 years.

Background: Human perinatal life is characterized by a period of extraordinary change during which newborns encounter abundant environmental stimuli and exposure to potential pathogens. To meet such challenges, the neonatal immune system is equipped with unique functional characteristics that adapt to changing conditions as development progresses across the early years of life, but the molecular characteristics of such adaptations remain poorly understood. The application of single cell genomics to birth cohorts provides an opportunity to investigate changes in gene expression programs elicited downstream of innate immune activation across early life at unprecedented resolution.

European and multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of atopic dermatitis highlights importance of systemic immune regulation.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin condition and prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 71 associated loci. In the current study we conducted the largest AD GWAS to date (discovery N = 1,086,394, replication N = 3,604,027), combining previously reported cohorts with additional available data. We identified 81 loci (29 novel) in the European-only analysis (which all replicated in a separate European analysis) and 10 additional loci in the multi-ancestry analysis (3 novel).

Predicting Prosthetic Mobility at Discharge From Rehabilitation Following Major Amputation in Vascular Surgery.

Objective: This study aimed to construct a decision aid to estimate the likelihood of independence with a prosthesis following rehabilitation for limb loss secondary to advanced ischaemia (acute or chronic limb threatening ischaemia) or diabetic foot disease (DFD). A secondary aim was to determine whether prosthetic independence is a surrogate marker of long term survival.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of a prospectively maintained database of unilateral amputations due to ischaemia or DFD entering rehabilitation between 2007 and 2020 was performed.

Rhinoviruses A and C elicit long-lasting antibody responses with limited cross-neutralization.

Rhinoviruses (RVs) can cause severe wheezing illnesses in young children and patients with asthma. Vaccine development has been hampered by the multitude of RV types with little information about cross-neutralization. We previously showed that neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses to RV-C are detected twofold to threefold more often than those to RV-A throughout childhood.

Long Term Outcomes and Durability of Fenestrated Endovascular Aneurysm Repair: A Meta-analysis of Time to Event Data.

Objective: Despite widespread use, long term outcomes for fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR) are uncertain. This meta-analysis reports long term survival, freedom from re-intervention, target vessel patency, and one year sac regression after FEVAR.

Data Sources: Systematic review and meta-analysis to pool time to event data according to PRISMA guidelines.

Antithrombotic drugs for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with lower limb peripheral arterial disease: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Introduction: The optimal antithrombotic regimen to reduce the risk of vascular events in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is contentious. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aims to define the relative efficacy and risks of previously investigated antithrombotic medication regimens in preventing major cardiovascular events, vascular limb events and mortality in patients with PAD.

Methods And Analysis: A peer-reviewed, systematic search will be executed in English on Medline, Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL), Web of Science and Google Scholar databases in late 2022.

Association between statin-use and mobility and long-term survival after major lower limb amputation.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between statin-use and prosthetic mobility and long-term survival in patients receiving rehabilitation after major amputation for lower limb arterial disease.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained data (2008-2020) from a centre for rehabilitation was performed. Patients were grouped by statin-use status and sub-grouped by the combination of statin and antithrombotic drugs (antiplatelets or anticoagulants).

LPS binding protein and activation signatures are upregulated during asthma exacerbations in children.

Asthma exacerbations in children are associated with respiratory viral infection and atopy, resulting in systemic immune activation and infiltration of immune cells into the airways. The gene networks driving the immune activation and subsequent migration of immune cells into the airways remains incompletely understood. Cellular and molecular profiling of PBMC was employed on paired samples obtained from atopic asthmatic children (n = 19) during acute virus-associated exacerbations and later during convalescence.

The Fate of Patients Opportunistically Screened for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms During Echocardiogram or Arterial Duplex Scans.

Objective: To evaluate the long term outcomes of individuals who attended for transthoracic echocardiograms (TTEs) or lower limb arterial duplex scans (LLADS) and were opportunistically screened for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).

Methods: Follow up of a prospective single centre pilot cohort study conducted between December 2012 and September 2014 at a tertiary vascular centre in the United Kingdom. Men and Women aged 65 and over were invited to undergo AAA screening when attending hospital for TTE or LLADS.

Amputation of the Unsalvageable Leg in Vascular Patients with Cancer.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of major lower limb amputation (MLA) in patients with and without cancer and with cancer patients receiving palliation over amputation for their unsalvageable limb.

Methods: Cancer patients who underwent a major amputation or palliation between 2013 and 2018 were included. Comparison groups were cancer-MLA (active/managed cancers), non-cancer MLA (historic cancer or no cancer history) and cancer-palliation at presentation with unsalvageable limbs.

Maternal diet modulates the infant microbiome and intestinal Flt3L necessary for dendritic cell development and immunity to respiratory infection.

Poor maternal diet during pregnancy is a risk factor for severe lower respiratory infections (sLRIs) in the offspring, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that in mice a maternal low-fiber diet (LFD) led to enhanced LRI severity in infants because of delayed plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) recruitment and perturbation of regulatory T cell expansion in the lungs. LFD altered the composition of the maternal milk microbiome and assembling infant gut microbiome.

Dissection-related tandem occlusion may be different from atherothrombotic tandem occlusion.

Objectives: The optimal endovascular treatment for tandem occlusion in anterior circulation ischaemic stroke remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine how the aetiology of carotid pathology, dissection versus atherothrombosis, affects clinical outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Data was obtained from prospectively collected registries from two stroke centres between April 2016 and December 2020.

The Application of Spearman Partial Correlation for Screening Predictors of Weight Loss in a Multiomics Dataset.

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, but little is known about the mechanisms of weight gain and weight loss. Integration of omics data is becoming a popular tool to increase understanding in such complex phenotypes. Biomarkers come in abundance, but small sample size remains a serious limitation in clinical trials.

The Power of Observation in Advancing Celiac Disease.

The link between bread and wheat products and celiac disease was first recognized by Willem Dicke in the 1930s through clinical observations of his child patients. The role of gluten as the toxic factor was then proven by Drs. Dicke, Weijers and Van de Kamer in brilliant and prolonged studies in a small number of children.

Asthma and allergies in a cohort of adolescents conceived with ART.

Research Question: Are asthma and allergies more common in adolescents conceived with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) compared with adolescents conceived without?

Design: The Growing Up Healthy Study (GUHS) is a prospective cohort study including ART-conceived offspring born between 1991 and 2001 in Perth, Australia. Their long-term health outcomes, including asthma and allergy parameters, were compared with those of their counterparts conceived without ART from the Raine Study Generation 2 (Gen2), born in 1989-1991. At age 14, 152 GUHS and 1845 Gen2 participants completed the following assessments: the International Studies of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire, spirometry, methacholine challenge testing and skin prick testing (SPT).

Subspecies Taxonomy and Inter-Population Divergences of the Critically Endangered Yellow-Breasted Bunting: Evidence from Song Variations.

The critically endangered Yellow-breasted Bunting has undergone population collapse globally because of illegal hunting and habitat deterioration. It was listed as critically endangered (CR) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2017 and designated a Class I (highest level) national conservation bird species in China in 2021. Birdsong in the breeding season is the main communicative signal under sexual selection, and song variations have long been considered critical evidence of divergence among subspecies or populations.