Characterization of the yehUT two-component regulatory system of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi and Typhimurium.

Proteins exhibiting hyper-variable sequences within a bacterial pathogen may be associated with host adaptation. Several lineages of the monophyletic pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) have accumulated non-synonymous mutations in the putative two-component regulatory system yehUT.

Military sexual trauma among US servicewomen during deployment: a qualitative study.

Objectives: We explored qualitatively US servicewomen's experiences with and perceptions of military sexual trauma (MST), reporting, and related services.

Methods: From May 2011 to January 2012, we conducted 22 telephone interviews with US servicewomen deployed overseas between 2002 and 2011. We analyzed data thematically with modified grounded theory methods.

Hydrogenase biomimetics: Fe2(CO)4(μ-dppf)(μ-pdt) (dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) both a proton-reduction and hydrogen oxidation catalyst.

Fe2(CO)4(μ-dppf)(μ-pdt) catalyses the conversion of protons and electrons into hydrogen and also the reverse reaction thus mimicing both types of binuclear hydrogenase enzymes.

Evidence of microevolution of Salmonella Typhimurium during a series of egg-associated outbreaks linked to a single chicken farm.

Background: The bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is one of the most frequent causes of foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis. Between 2005-2008 a series of S.

A GC1 Acinetobacter baumannii isolate carrying AbaR3 and the aminoglycoside resistance transposon TnaphA6 in a conjugative plasmid.

Objectives: To locate the acquired antibiotic resistance genes, including the amikacin resistance transposon TnaphA6, in the genome of an Australian isolate belonging to Acinetobacter baumannii global clone 1 (GC1).

Methods: A multiply antibiotic-resistant GC1 isolate harbouring TnaphA6 was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq, and reads were used to generate a de novo assembly and determine multilocus sequence types (STs). PCR was used to assemble the AbaR chromosomal resistance island and a large plasmid carrying TnaphA6.

Tracking the establishment of local endemic populations of an emergent enteric pathogen.

Shigella sonnei is a human-adapted pathogen that is emerging globally as the dominant agent of bacterial dysentery. To investigate local establishment, we sequenced the genomes of 263 Vietnamese S. sonnei isolated over 15 y.

Out-of-Africa migration and Neolithic coexpansion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with modern humans.

Tuberculosis caused 20% of all human deaths in the Western world between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries and remains a cause of high mortality in developing countries. In analogy to other crowd diseases, the origin of human tuberculosis has been associated with the Neolithic Demographic Transition, but recent studies point to a much earlier origin. We analyzed the whole genomes of 259 M.

Genome and transcriptome adaptation accompanying emergence of the definitive type 2 host-restricted Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium pathovar.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive type 2 (DT2) is host restricted to Columba livia (rock or feral pigeon) but is also closely related to S. Typhimurium isolates that circulate in livestock and cause a zoonosis characterized by gastroenteritis in humans. DT2 isolates formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster within S.

Genomic insights to control the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

Unlabelled: Nosocomial outbreaks of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) are thought to occur by transmission of VREfm between patients, predicting that infection control interventions will limit cross-transmission. Despite implementation of such strategies, the incidence of VREfm infections continues to rise. We aimed to use genomics to better understand the epidemiology of E.

Identification of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi genotypes by use of rapid multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, is highly clonal and genetically conserved, making isolate subtyping difficult. We describe a standardized multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) genotyping scheme targeting 11 key phylogenetic markers of the S. Typhi genome.

Draft Genome Sequences for Ten Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Phage Type 135 Variants.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a common cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of 10 isolates of an S.

The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome.

Zebrafish have become a popular organism for the study of vertebrate gene function. The virtually transparent embryos of this species, and the ability to accelerate genetic studies by gene knockdown or overexpression, have led to the widespread use of zebrafish in the detailed investigation of vertebrate gene function and increasingly, the study of human genetic disease. However, for effective modelling of human genetic disease it is important to understand the extent to which zebrafish genes and gene structures are related to orthologous human genes.

The lower limb and mechanics of walking in Australopithecus sediba.

The discovery of a relatively complete Australopithecus sediba adult female skeleton permits a detailed locomotor analysis in which joint systems can be integrated to form a comprehensive picture of gait kinematics in this late australopith. Here we describe the lower limb anatomy of Au. sediba and hypothesize that this species walked with a fully extended leg and with an inverted foot during the swing phase of bipedal walking.

Beginner's guide to comparative bacterial genome analysis using next-generation sequence data.

High throughput sequencing is now fast and cheap enough to be considered part of the toolbox for investigating bacteria, and there are thousands of bacterial genome sequences available for comparison in the public domain. Bacterial genome analysis is increasingly being performed by diverse groups in research, clinical and public health labs alike, who are interested in a wide array of topics related to bacterial genetics and evolution. Examples include outbreak analysis and the study of pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance.

Multimetallic complexes and functionalized nanoparticles based on oxygen- and nitrogen-donor combinations.

The versatile precursors [Ru(CH═CHC6H4Me-4)Cl(CO)(BTD)(PPh3)2] (BTD = 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) and [Ru(C(C≡CPh)═CHPh)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2] were treated with isonicotinic acid, 4-cyanobenzoic acid, and 4-(4-pyridyl)benzoic acid under basic conditions to yield [Ru(vinyl)(O2CC5H4N)(CO)(PPh3)2], [Ru(vinyl)(O2CC6H4CN-4)(CO)(PPh3)2], and [Ru(vinyl){O2CC6H4(C5H4N)-4}(CO)(PPh3)2], respectively. The osmium analogue [Os(CH═CHC6H4Me-4)(O2CC5H4N)(CO)(PPh3)2] was also prepared. cis-[RuCl2(dppm)2] was used to prepare the cationic compounds [Ru(O2CC5H4N)(dppm)2](+) and [Ru{O2CC6H4(C5H4N)-4}(dppm)2](+).

A nationally representative survey of healthcare provider counselling and provision of the female condom in South Africa and Zimbabwe.

Objectives: Female condoms are the only female-initiated HIV and pregnancy prevention technology currently available. We examined female condom counselling and provision among providers in South Africa and Zimbabwe, high HIV-prevalence countries.

Design: A cross-sectional study using a nationally representative survey.

Models of the iron-only hydrogenase: a comparison of chelate and bridge isomers of Fe2(CO)4{Ph2PN(R)PPh2}(μ-pdt) as proton-reduction catalysts.

Reactions of Fe2(CO)6(μ-pdt) (pdt = SCH2CH2CH2S) with aminodiphosphines Ph2PN(R)PPh2 (R = allyl, (i)Pr, (i)Bu, p-tolyl, H) have been carried out under different conditions. At room temperature in MeCN with added Me3NO·2H2O, dibasal chelate complexes Fe2(CO)4{κ(2)-Ph2PN(R)PPh2}(μ-pdt) are formed, while in refluxing toluene bridge isomers Fe2(CO)4{μ-Ph2PN(R)PPh2}(μ-pdt) are the major products. Separate studies have shown that chelate complexes convert to the bridge isomers at higher temperatures.

Elevated repetitive behaviors are associated with lower diurnal salivary cortisol levels in autism spectrum disorder.

Previously, we reported a subgroup of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) had consistently high rates of repetitive behaviors (RBs) with abnormal sensory sensitivity. Given evidence of lower cortisol levels in response to stress and associated sensory sensitivity in the ASD population, this pilot study evaluates whether the presence of RBs reflects an underlying pathophysiology related to cortisol regulation. Diurnal salivary cortisol from 21 children with ASD and high versus low occurrence RBs were collected at four time points over three consecutive days.

District and school physical education policies: implications for physical education and recess time.

Background: The relationship between physical education (PE) policies and children's PE and recess time is not well understood.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the association of district and school PE policies, the PE environment, and PE and recess time.

Methods: Key informants in 65 schools from 9 states completed instruments assessing district and school PE policies, the school PE environment, and time in PE and recess.