Estimated Doses to the Heart, Lungs and Oesophagus and Risks From Typical UK Radiotherapy for Early Breast Cancer During 2015-2023.

Purpose: Breast cancer radiotherapy can increase the risks of heart disease, lung cancer and oesophageal cancer. At present, the best dosimetric predictors of these risks are mean doses to the whole heart, lungs and oesophagus, respectively. We aimed to estimate typical doses to these organs and resulting risks from UK breast cancer radiotherapy.

Stridor and severe subglottic stenosis: emergency tracheostomy for a neonate with a pinhole trachea.

Congenital subglottic stenosis is a rare but potentially catastrophic condition. In this report, we describe the management of a term neonate who was noted to have biphasic stridor during preassessment for correction of an imperforate anus at 26 hours of life. The neonate was found to have a pinhole trachea secondary to congenital subglottic stenosis.

The delivery and challenges of Pediatric Anesthesia within the humanitarian sector: Médecins Sans Frontières and Mercy Ships.

Access to healthcare is inequitable. Poverty, natural disasters and war disproportionally effect those most vulnerable, including children. Non-governmental organizations (NGO) hold a vital role in providing pediatric care in these contexts.

Proton Beam Therapy for Early Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Outcomes.

Purpose: Adjuvant proton beam therapy (PBT) is increasingly available to patients with breast cancer. It achieves better planned dose distributions than standard photon radiation therapy and therefore may reduce the risks. However, clinical evidence is lacking.

Adjuvant and neoadjuvant breast cancer treatments: A systematic review of their effects on mortality.

Background: Adjuvant and neoadjuvant breast cancer treatments can reduce breast cancer mortality but may increase mortality from other causes. Information regarding treatment benefits and risks is scattered widely through the literature. To inform clinical practice we collated and reviewed the highest quality evidence.

The use of Lean Methodology to reduce personal protective equipment wastage in children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has compounded many existing healthcare delivery challenges including long waiting lists and cost containment. New challenges have arisen, such as demand on supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the implications of social distancing on staff, patients, and their families. Despite the pandemic, the need to deliver safe, urgent congenital cardiac surgery has remained.

The effect of dexmedetomidine on motor-evoked potentials during pediatric posterior spinal fusion surgery: a retrospective case-control study.

Purpose: Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) are frequently used in pediatric posterior spinal fusion surgery (PSFS) to detect spinal cord ischemia. Dexmedetomidine is increasingly being used as an adjunct to total intravenous anesthesia, but its effect on MEP amplitude has been variably reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an infusion of dexmedetomidine on the amplitude of MEPs.

Proficiency-based progression training: an 'end to end' model for decreasing error applied to achievement of effective epidural analgesia during labour: a randomised control study.

Background: Training procedural skills using proficiency-based progression (PBP) methodology has consistently resulted in error reduction. We hypothesised that implementation of metric-based PBP training and a valid assessment tool would decrease the failure rate of epidural analgesia during labour when compared to standard simulation-based training.

Methods: Detailed, procedure-specific metrics for labour epidural catheter placement were developed based on carefully elicited expert input.

Tracheostomy as a Comfort Measure in Children With Life-Limiting Conditions.

Palliative care for children who can expect only a short life has expanded over the last decade. Greater understanding of the measures required to ensure comfort and acceptable quality of life within the critical care environment has grown in tandem. Some more invasive interventions may be considered a "step too far" by some practitioners, including feeding gastrostomy, contracture release, and tracheostomy.

Comparison of Speech-in-Noise and Localization Benefits in Unilateral Hearing Loss Subjects Using Contralateral Routing of Signal Hearing Aids or Bone-Anchored Implants.

Objective: To compare the benefit of wireless contralateral routing of signal (CROS) technology to bone-anchored implant (BAI) technology in monaural listeners.

Study Design: Prospective, single-subject.

Setting: Tertiary academic referral center.

Effects of rate (0.3-40/s) on simultaneously recorded auditory brainstem, middle and late responses using deconvolution.

Objective: Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) are typically acquired in either transient (low-rate) or steady state (high-rate) conditions. This study utilizes deconvolution to obtain transient responses over a range of rates from 0.3 to 40/s, to establish a rate profile of transient responses employing uniform recording conditions.

Simultaneous acquisition of high-rate early, middle, and late auditory evoked potentials.

Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) are typically acquired at rates that facilitate their study as segregated by epochs relative to stimulus onset: early (ABR, 1.5-15 ms), middle (MLR, 15-60 ms), and late (LAEP, ≥60 ms) potentials. In particular, late AEPs are often acquired with stimulus repetition rates between 0.

Measuring and modeling the bubble population produced by an underwater explosion.

Underwater explosions have been studied intensively in the United States since 1941 [e.g., R.

Mortality in neurofibromatosis 1: in North West England: an assessment of actuarial survival in a region of the UK since 1989.

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a comparatively common autosomal dominant disorder. However, relatively few studies have assessed lifetime risk; and information about the effect of NF1 on mortality remains uncertain. NF1 patients were identified using The North West regional family Genetic Register, which covers the 4.

Rivastigmine for Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest cause of dementia affecting older people. One of the therapeutic strategies aimed at ameliorating the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease is to enhance cholinergic neurotransmission in relevant parts of the brain by the use of cholinesterase inhibitors to delay the breakdown of acetylcholine released into synaptic clefts. Tacrine, the first of the cholinesterase inhibitors to undergo extensive trials for this purpose, was associated with significant adverse effects including hepatotoxicity.