Artificial intelligence for automatic detection and segmentation of nasal polyposis: a pilot study.

Purpose: Accurate diagnosis and quantification of polyps and symptoms are pivotal for planning the therapeutic strategy of Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). This pilot study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based image analysis system capable of segmenting nasal polyps from nasal endoscopy videos.

Methods: Recorded nasal videoendoscopies from 52 patients diagnosed with CRSwNP between 2019 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.

Computer Vision and Videomics in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: Bridging the Gap Between Clinical Needs and the Promise of Artificial Intelligence.

This article discusses the role of computer vision in otolaryngology, particularly through endoscopy and surgery. It covers recent applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in nonradiologic imaging within otolaryngology, noting the benefits and challenges, such as improving diagnostic accuracy and optimizing therapeutic outcomes, while also pointing out the necessity for enhanced data curation and standardized research methodologies to advance clinical applications. Technical aspects are also covered, providing a detailed view of the progression from manual feature extraction to more complex AI models, including convolutional neural networks and vision transformers and their potential application in clinical settings.

Impact of Histologic Risk Factors on Recurrence Rates for Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objectives: This study assesses the impact of adverse histologic risk factors including worst pattern of invasion (WPOI), predominant pattern of invasion (PPOI), tumor budding, and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS), on risk of recurrence in patients with early-stage Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OCSCC).

Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed at a single institution to identify patients with OCSCC who underwent surgical excision. Inclusion criteria included T1-T2 stage disease based on AJCC seventh edition guidelines, no cervical lymph node involvement, no perineural invasion (PNI), no lymphovascular invasion (LVI), no post-operative adjuvant radiation therapy, and cancer involving only the oral tongue or floor of mouth.

Perceptions of opioid and other illicit drug exposure reported among first responders in the southeast, 2017 to 2018.

Background: Opioid use has risen dramatically in recent years, and its illegal use puts first responders at risk when intervening in overdoses. Synthetic opioids, like fentanyl with a potency 50 to 100 times greater than morphine, pose a great risk and accidental exposure via ingestion, inhalation, mucosal, or percutaneous routes, can potentially lead to fatal outcomes. Anecdotal media accounts in early 2017 of accidental occupational opioid exposure among first responders generated a national concern.

Use of Real-Time PCR for Chlamydia psittaci Detection in Human Specimens During an Outbreak of Psittacosis - Georgia and Virginia, 2018.

Psittacosis is typically a mild febrile respiratory illness caused by infection with the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci and usually transmitted to humans by infected birds (1). On average, 11 psittacosis cases per year were reported in the United States during 2000-2017. During August-October 2018, the largest U.

Salmonellosis Outbreak After a Large-Scale Food Event in Virginia, 2017.

Objectives: The Virginia Department of Health (VDH) identified an outbreak of serotype Javiana infections in Virginia after a chili and chowder cook-off with 11 competitors and about 2500 attendees on September 30, 2017. The objectives of this study were to assess the extent of the outbreak and identify the most likely source of exposure.

Methods: To identify people with suspected infection, VDH used press releases and social media posts to recruit event attendees to take an online survey about foods eaten at the cook-off and any gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms experienced.

Effectiveness of a Home-based Head and Neck Lymphedema Management Program: A Pilot Study.

Objective: This study aimed to compare outcomes in patients with head and neck lymphedema receiving either a home-based lymphedema treatment program or a hybrid approach including both home-based treatment and regular clinical visits.

Methods: Outcomes were assessed in patients receiving head and neck lymphedema rehabilitation. Baseline measures of neck, submental, and facial edema were obtained and repeated following treatment.

Anatomical-based classification for transoral lateral oropharyngectomy.

Purpose: The aim of the study is proposing a classification of different transoral lateral oropharyngectomy procedures in order to ensure better definitions of post-operative results.

Methods: The classification resulted from the consensus of the different authors and was based on anatomical-surgical principles.

Results: The classification comprises three types of lateral oropharyngectomy: type 1 is the resection of the palatine tonsil deep to the pharyngobasilar fascia; type 2 is performed by removing the entire palatine tonsil, the palatoglossus muscle, the palatopharyngeal muscle and the superior constrictor muscle; type 3 is performed by removing the entire palatine tonsil, the palatoglossus muscle, the palatopharyngeal muscle, the superior constrictor muscle, the buccopharyngeal fascia with extension to the pterygoid muscle and parapharyngeal space fat content.

Psittacosis Outbreak among Workers at Chicken Slaughter Plants, Virginia and Georgia, USA, 2018.

During August-October, 2018, an outbreak of severe respiratory illness was reported among poultry slaughter plant workers in Virginia and Georgia, USA. A multiorganizational team investigated the cause and extent of illness, determined that the illness was psittacosis, and evaluated and recommended controls for health hazards in the workplace to prevent additional cases.

Laryngology in the mirror of its eponyms.

From a reading of various sources (scientific articles, books, dictionaries and websites), this article documents eponyms in the field of laryngology (other than those related to anatomy or therapeutics), memorializing certain notable events in this subspecialty of otorhinolaryngology and in the life of our illustrious forebears.

Transoral tongue base mucosectomy for the identification of the primary site in the work-up of cancers of unknown origin: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The use of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and laser microsurgery (TLM) in the diagnosis and identification of the site of the unknown primary has become increasingly common. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the use and efficacy of TORS and TLM for this indication.

Method: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies employing TORS or TLM in diagnosis of the unknown primary tumor site in patients with cervical nodal metastases of squamous cell origin.

Postnatally Acquired Zika Virus Disease Among Children, United States, 2016-2017.

Background: The clinical findings among children with postnatally acquired Zika virus disease are not well characterized. We describe and compare clinical signs and symptoms for children aged <18 years.

Methods: Zika virus disease cases were included if they met the national surveillance case definition, had illness onset in 2016 or 2017, resided in a participating state, and were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Development of prognostic signatures for intermediate-risk papillary thyroid cancer.

Background: The incidence of Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common type of thyroid malignancy, has risen rapidly worldwide. PTC usually has an excellent prognosis. However, the rising incidence of PTC, due at least partially to widespread use of neck imaging studies with increased detection of small cancers, has created a clinical issue of overdiagnosis, and consequential overtreatment.

Origins of the binocular head mirror: The mystery of Dr. Clar, clarified.

Background: The origin of Dr. Clar's forehead mirror remains a mystery. The aim of this study is to track the roots of this eponym anew to find a definitive answer.

Real-time navigation in transoral robotic nasopharyngectomy utilizing on table fluoroscopy and image overlay software: a cadaveric feasibility study.

Inability to integrate surgical navigation systems into current surgical robot is one of the reasons for the lack of development of robotic endoscopic skull base surgery. We describe an experiment to adapt current technologies for real-time navigation during transoral robotic nasopharyngectomy. A cone-beam CT was performed with a robotic C-arm after the injecting contrast into common carotid artery.

Ameloblastoma: a clinical review and trends in management.

Ameloblastoma is a rare odontogenic neoplasm of the mandible and maxilla, with multiple histologic variants, and high recurrence rates if improperly treated. The current mainstay of treatment is wide local excision with appropriate margins and immediate reconstruction. Here we review the ameloblastoma literature, using the available evidence to highlight the change in management over the past several decades.

Robotic transoral periosteal thyroidectomy (TOPOT): experience in two cadavers.

Background: Transoral techniques for endoscopic thyroidectomy have recently been reported, including a robotic transoral technique to access the thyroid gland. Herein, we developed a robotic transoral periosteal thyroidectomy technique.

Materials And Methods: The da Vinci(®) Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA) robot was used in two human cadavers to perform robotic transoral periosteal thyroidectomies.

Lateral pharyngotomy for selected invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the lateral oropharynx--part I: how.

Objectives/hypothesis: To revisit the surgical technique of lateral pharyngotomy in patients with selected, isolated, and untreated invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the lateral oropharynx. To describe postoperative management, complications, and functional outcomes.

Study Design: Retrospective review from a French university teaching hospital.

Lateral pharyngotomy for selected invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the lateral oropharynx. Part II: when and why.

Objectives/hypothesis: To analyze local failure following lateral pharyngotomy for selected untreated invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lateral oropharynx.

Study Design: Retrospective review from a university teaching hospital.

Methods: Inception cohort of 91 patients who underwent lateral pharyngotomy for an isolated and previously untreated selected invasive carcinoma of the lateral oropharynx classified as T1 (26), T2 (47), T3 (11), and T4 (7).

Robotic harvest of the latissimus dorsi muscle: laboratory and clinical experience.

Minimally invasive harvest of the latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle is a desirable goal because of both the wide utility of this muscle and the length of incision required to harvest it. In this study, robotic harvest of the LD muscle was evaluated in a cadaver model and clinical series. Ten LD flaps were robotically harvested in eight cadavers.

CRTC1/MAML2 fusion transcript in central mucoepidermoid carcinoma of mandible--diagnostic and histogenetic implications.

Intraosseous salivary gland carcinomas are extremely rare, comprising only 2% to 3% of all mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) reported. The t(11;19) translocation and its CRTC1/MAML1 fusion transcript have been identified in MEC at different sites and are believed to be associated with the development of a subset of these tumors. However, the status of the fusion transcript has not been reported in intraosseous MEC.

Swine-origin influenza virus (SOIV) in Louisiana, 2009.

Since the new flu strain--named A(H1N1) or Swine Origin Influenza Virus (SOIV) to differentiate it from the seasonal H1N1--first emerged in Mexico and the United States in April, it has spread to 74 countries around the globe. The objectives of this article are to describe the initial stages of the epidemic in Louisiana and to draw some epidemiologic lessons for the future, which could be particularly useful if the pandemic continues during the winter season 2009-2010. Between April 22, 2009 (date when the first specimen was collected) to May 31, 2009, a six week period, there were 133 cases of SOIV infection detected in Louisiana.

Clinicopathological analyses of fifty supracricoid laryngectomized specimens: evidence base supporting minimal margins.

Objectives: Supracricoid laryngectomy (SCL) is a reliable laryngeal preservation surgery. However, close surgical margins are often inevitable. Based on clinicopathological analyses of supracricoid laryngectomized specimens, we evaluated the evidence base supporting minimal margins.