Delivering smoking cessation interventions in NHS primary dental care - lessons from the ENHANCE-D trial.

Introduction Smoking is a major contributor to health inequalities in the UK. The ENHANCE-D trial is evaluating three smoking cessation interventions (nicotine replacement therapy [NRT], electronic cigarettes [ECs] or 'very brief advice') delivered in NHS primary dental care. This qualitative study aimed to provide insight into the factors that could influence the adoption of the interventions in these settings.

Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Importance: In 2015 the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found insufficient evidence to assess the balance of benefits and harms of routine screening and supplementation for iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.

Objective: To update the 2015 review on screening for iron deficiency anemia, in addition to iron deficiency during pregnancy, to inform the USPSTF.

Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE and Cochrane databases through May 24, 2023; surveillance through May 24, 2024.

Dental behaviour support: can we improve qualitative research on patient experience?

Data Sources: Databases included Embase, Medline (via OVID) and PsycINFO (via EBSCO). Studies referenced within included review articles were additionally screened for relevance.

Study Selection: This review focused upon qualitative research studies and their use of dental behaviour support (DBS) tools to support dental care.

Postoperative analgesic consumption for primary versus first repeat Cesarean delivery: a historical cohort study.

Purpose: It is unclear if postoperative pain experience and opioid consumption differ in patients undergoing primary vs repeat Cesarean delivery (CD) as prior studies have yielded conflicting results and none used the same patients as their own controls. We sought to compare opioid consumption and pain scores in patients undergoing both a primary and a first repeat CD, using the same patients as their own controls.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre historical cohort study of patients who underwent both a primary and a first repeat CD under neuraxial anesthesia between 1 January 2016 and 30 November 2022.

Psychosocial Evaluation of Living Kidney Donors: A Survey of Current Practices in the United States.

Background: Best practices in psychosocial evaluation and care of living donor candidates and donors are not well established.

Methods: We surveyed 195 living kidney donor (LKD) transplant centers in United States from October 2021 to April 2022 querying (1) composition of psychosocial teams, (2) evaluation processes including clinical tools and domains assessed, (3) selection criteria, and (4) psychosocial follow-up post-donation.

Results: We received 161 responses from 104 programs, representing 53% of active LKD programs and 67% of LKD transplant volume in 2019.

Overweight as a Causal Factor Contributing to Better Survival at the Oldest Old Ages: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Overweight, defined by a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 30, has been associated with enhanced survival among older adults in some studies. However, whether being overweight is causally linked to longevity remains unclear. To investigate this, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study of lifespan 85+ years, using overweight as an exposure variable and data from the Health and Retirement Study and the Long Life Family Study.

Specialists' management of permanent dentition traumatic dental injuries in 7-16-year-olds: A qualitative study.

Background/aim: Specialist paediatric dentists are integral to dental trauma care pathways. General dentists rely on specialist input, more so in complex cases. Little is known about specialists' role in these pathways or the perceived barriers they face.

Small Extracellular Vesicle Signaling and Mitochondrial Transfer Reprograms T Helper Cell Function in Human Asthma.

Rationale: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that involves crosstalk between myeloid-derived regulatory cells (MDRCs) and CD4+ T cells. Although small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to mediate cell-cell communication, the role of sEV signaling via mitochondria in perpetuating asthmatic airway inflammation is unknown.

Objectives: We investigated the effects of MDRC-derived exosomes on dysregulated T cell responses in asthmatics.

Treatment of Non-Metastatic Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: AUA/ASCO/SUO Guideline (2017; Amended 2020, 2024).

Purpose: Although representing approximately 25% of patients diagnosed with bladder cancer, muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) carries a significant risk of death that has not significantly changed in decades. Increasingly, clinicians and patients recognize the importance of multidisciplinary collaborative efforts that take into account survival and quality of life concerns. This guideline provides a risk-stratified, clinical framework for the management of muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer.

An integrative conceptual review of multiperspective frameworks in personality research and a roadmap for extended applications in organizational psychology.

Multiperspective frameworks, such as the social relations model, socioanalytic theory, the realistic accuracy model, the self-other knowledge asymmetry model, and the trait-reputation-identity model, have advanced understanding of personality over the last 40 years. Due to a resurgence of interest in multiperspective research on personality and other constructs in organizational psychology, we conducted an integrative conceptual review of these specific multirater frameworks and their application in work settings. Our review identifies similarities and differences in these frameworks and suggests that they collectively represent an invaluable resource for personality researchers and the broader field of organizational psychology.

The Arctic Plant Aboveground Biomass Synthesis Dataset.

Plant biomass is a fundamental ecosystem attribute that is sensitive to rapid climatic changes occurring in the Arctic. Nevertheless, measuring plant biomass in the Arctic is logistically challenging and resource intensive. Lack of accessible field data hinders efforts to understand the amount, composition, distribution, and changes in plant biomass in these northern ecosystems.

How are APOE4, changes in body weight, and longevity related? Insights from a causal mediation analysis.

The ε4 allele of the APOE gene () is known for its negative association with human longevity; however, the mechanism is unclear. is also linked to changes in body weight, and the latter changes were associated with survival in some studies. Here, we explore the role of aging changes in weight in the connection between and longevity using the causal mediation analysis (CMA) approach to uncover the mechanisms of genetic associations.

Assessment of the comparative agreement between chest radiographs and CT scans in intensive care units.

Purpose: Chest radiographs in critically ill patients can be difficult to interpret due to technical and clinical factors. We sought to determine the agreement of chest radiographs and CT scans, and the inter-observer variation of chest radiograph interpretation, in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods: Chest radiographs and corresponding thoracic computerised tomography (CT) scans (as reference standard) were collected from 45 ICU patients.

Water Supply Planning in the Face of Drought and Ecosystem Flows: Examining the Impact of the Bay-Delta Plan on Bay Area Water Supply.

In California, recent Bay-Delta Plan legislation attempts to balance water supply and ecosystem protection by requiring 40% of the flow to remain in-stream in the Tuolumne River from February through June. Serious questions remain about what this means for the Bay Area water supply, especially during drought. Our work develops a new approach to analyze how in-stream flow policy coupled with climate change could impact regional water supply over the coming decades.

Barriers to Accessing Primary Dental Care in Adults with Alcohol Dependence: A Qualitative Study.

Background: People with alcohol dependence (AD) frequently experience oral health problems, but their dental attendance is poor, with limited evidence to the reasons why from their perspective.

Objective: To explore perceived barriers, motivators, and facilitators to accessing primary dental care in people with AD.

Methods: Qualitative study consisting of remote one-to-one and group semistructured interviews with a convenience sample of adults with lived experience of AD in northern England.

Is food insecurity associated with dental caries?

Data Sources: Eight electronic databases including APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Ovid, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from date of inception to November 2021. An updated search was conducted in August 2022. Google Scholar was accessed including Open Grey and ProQuest.

Patterns of Aging Changes in Bodyweight May Predict Alzheimer's Disease.

Relationships between patterns of aging-changes in bodyweight and AD are not fully understood. We compared mean age-trajectories of weight between those who did and did not develop late-onset-AD, and evaluated impact of age at maximum weight (AgeMax), and slope of decline in weight, on AD risk. Women with late-onset-AD had lower weight three or more decades before AD onset, and ∼10 years younger AgeMax, compared to AD-free women.