Insights of SEDRIC, the Surveillance and Epidemiology of Drug-Resistant Infections Consortium.

The increasing threat from infection with drug-resistant pathogens is among the most serious public health challenges of our time. Formed by Wellcome in 2018, the Surveillance and Epidemiology of Drug-Resistant Infections Consortium (SEDRIC) is an international think tank whose aim is to inform policy and change the way countries track, share, and analyse data relating to drug-resistant infections, by defining knowledge gaps and identifying barriers to the delivery of global surveillance. SEDRIC delivers its aims through discussions and analyses by world-leading scientists that result in recommendations and advocacy to Wellcome and others.

Acute Rheumatic Fever in a Low Prevalence Setting.

Background: Acute rheumatic fever is a systemic inflammatory condition caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. Its prevalence in high-income countries has fallen significantly as a result of widespread antibiotic use and improved living conditions.

Case Summary: We report the case of an 18-year-old, otherwise healthy, Irish woman who presented to an Irish hospital with fever and general malaise on a background of recurrent pharyngitis.

Validating the underpinnings of water corticosterone measurement for aquatic amphibians.

Background: Good animal welfare is important ethically but also to ensure animals provide valid scientific models. Despite thousands of amphibians in research laboratories there is minimal quantitative evidence pertaining to their management and welfare. This study validated methods to non-invasively measure corticosterone, the amphibian 'stress' hormone, from tank water to provide a robust and reliable welfare assessment tool.

Utilising routinely collected clinical data through time series deep learning to improve identification of bacterial bloodstream infections: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Blood cultures are the gold standard for diagnosing bacterial bloodstream infections, but test results are only available 24-48 h after sampling. We aimed to develop and evaluate models using health-care data to predict bloodstream infections in patients admitted to hospital.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we used routinely collected blood biomarkers and demographic data from patients who underwent blood sample collection for testing via culture between March 3, 2014, and Dec 1, 2021, at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (London, UK) as model features.

Volumetric mesoscopic electrophysiology: a new imaging modality for the non-human primate.

The primate brain is a densely interconnected organ whose function is best understood by recording from the entire structure in parallel, rather than parts of it in sequence. However, available methods either have limited temporal resolution (functional magnetic resonance imaging), limited spatial resolution (macroscopic electroencephalography), or a limited field of view (microscopic electrophysiology). To address this need, we developed a volumetric, mesoscopic recording approach () by tessellating the volume of a monkey hemisphere with 992 electrode contacts that were distributed across 62 chronically implanted multi-electrode shafts.

Impact of sedentary behaviour reduction on desk-worker workplace satisfaction, productivity, mood and health-related quality of life: a randomised trial.

Objectives: Sedentary behaviour (SB) is related to lower worker health-related quality of life (HRQOL), mental health and productivity. However, it is unknown whether reducing SB improves these outcomes. This study assessed whether a 3-month SB reduction intervention improved or was associated with dose-response changes in workplace satisfaction, productivity, mood and HRQOL.

Protective role of parenthood on age-related brain function in mid- to late-life.

The experience of human parenthood is near ubiquitous and can profoundly alter one's body, mind, and environment. However, we know very little about the long-term neural effects of parenthood for parents themselves, or the implications of pregnancy and caregiving experience on the aging adult brain. Here, we investigate the link between the number of children parented and age on brain function in 19,964 females and 17,607 males from the UK Biobank.

An electronic pre-visit agenda-setting questionnaire in ambulatory palliative care is feasible and acceptable to patients, care partners, and clinicians: A mixed methods evaluation.

Background: To provide patient-centered healthcare for people with serious illness, healthcare teams must elicit needs, goals, preferences, and values from patients and care partners.

Aim: Describe feasibility and acceptability of an electronic pre-visit agenda-setting questionnaire for patients and care partners to identify these topics before ambulatory palliative care visits.

Design: Concurrent mixed-methods formative evaluation of questionnaire feasibility and acceptability.

Geometric influences on the regional organization of the mammalian brain.

The mammalian brain is comprised of anatomically and functionally distinct regions. Substantial work over the past century has pursued the generation of ever-more accurate maps of regional boundaries, using either expert judgement or data-driven clustering of functional, connectional, and/or architectonic properties. However, these approaches are often purely descriptive, have limited generalizability, and do not elucidate the underlying generative mechanisms that shape the regional organization of the brain.

Ku suppresses RNA-mediated innate immune responses in human cells to accommodate primate-specific Alu expansion.

Ku70 and Ku80 form Ku, a ring-shaped protein that initiates the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathway. Specifically, Ku binds to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) ends and recruits other NHEJ factors ( , DNA-PKcs and LIG4). While Ku binds to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and traps mutated-DNA-PKcs on ribosomal RNA the physiological significance of Ku-dsRNA interactions in otherwise wild-type cells remains elusive.

A Multi-Stakeholder Qualitative Evaluation of ED PLUS: A Physiotherapy-Led Transition to Home Intervention for Older Adults Following Emergency Department Discharge.

Introduction: Older adults frequently attend Emergency Departments (EDs) and experience high rates of adverse outcomes, including functional decline, re-presentation, and unplanned hospital admissions. Developing effective interventions to prevent these outcomes is a priority. Healthcare providers (HCPs) are well positioned to create integrated care pathways for older adults discharged from the ED.

Understanding context to plan antimicrobial stewardship: A mixed-method study in a Brazilian urban primary care.

Background: The Centres for Antimicrobial Optimization Network Brazil aims to implement an antimicrobial stewardship program in Brazilian municipality. This study explores barriers and enablers to its implementation, through understanding the context and beliefs regarding antimicrobial use in this environment.

Methods: The study occurred in 12 primary health care units, where a mixed-method study was conducted.

Complete genome assemblies and antibiograms of 22 Staphylococcus capitis isolates.

Objective: Staphylococcus capitis is part of the human microbiome and an opportunistic pathogen known to cause catheter-associated bacteraemia, prosthetic joint infections, skin and wound infections, among others. Detection of S. capitis in normally sterile body sites saw an increase over the last decade in England, where a multidrug-resistant clone, NRCS-A, was widely identified in blood samples from infants in neonatal intensive care units.

Analyzing, visualizing, and annotating tRNA-derived RNAs using tRAX and tDRnamer.

tRNA-derived RNAs (tDRs) are known for their diverse regulatory roles in many organisms. These small RNA transcripts have been identified mainly by high-throughput RNA sequencing, numbering hundreds to thousands of unique molecules in any given biological sample. As such, bioinformatic analysis is essential in understanding the features, complexity, and unexplored biological patterns of tDRs.

Protocol for a randomized controlled dose response trial to combat accelerated summer BMI gain in children: The Determining the Optimal amount of Structured Environments (DOSE) study.

Background: Summer is a period of accelerated body mass index (BMI) gain for elementary school-aged children. Summer day camps may provide a structured environment, which has been shown to mitigate accelerated summer BMI gain. Many of these programs have a fee-for-service structure, creating a financial barrier for families with low-income.

Sorghum surpasses wheat as a feed grain for broiler chickens following dietary crude protein reductions.

Background: Wheat and, to a lesser extent, sorghum are the dominant feed grains in Australian chicken-meat production. There is considerable local interest in the development of reduced-crude protein (CP) broiler diets in part because this would decrease the need to import soybean meal into the country. Maize is rarely included in Australian broiler diets, but birds appear better able to accommodate dietary CP reductions with maize than with wheat-based diets.

Training of postgraduate year 2 critical care pharmacists in care of the obstetric patient.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Gene-ius at work: Hemophilia B treatment enters a new era.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

2024 Scholars' Research Symposium Abstract: Sex-Split Analysis of Pathology and Motor-Behavioral Outcomes in a Mouse Model Of CLN8-Batten Disease.

Introduction: CLN8-Batten disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized phenotypically by progressive deterioration of motor and cognitive abilities, visual symptoms, epileptic seizures, and premature death. Mutations in CLN8 result in characteristic Batten disease symptoms and brain-wide pathology including accumulation of lysosomal storage material, gliosis, and neurodegeneration. Recent investigations of other subtypes of Batten disease (CLN1, CLN3, CLN6) have emphasized the influence of biological sex on disease and treatment outcomes; however, little is known about sex differences in the CLN8 subtype.

Retrospective analysis of the incidence and clinicopathological findings associated with ammonium urate urolithiasis in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts: 363 cases (2010-2023).

Objectives: To assess the incidence and clinical findings associated with the presence of ammonium urate urolithiasis in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of dogs diagnosed with extrahepatic portosystemic shunts or intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in 15 referral hospitals between 2010 and 2023. Data including signalment, clinical signs, physical examination findings and clinicopathologic test results at the time of the diagnosis were collected, and the presence of ammonium urate urolithiasis was recorded.

Innate lymphoid cells in HIV pathogenesis and in the human female genital tract.

Purpose Of Review: Women are underrepresented in HIV infection and prevention research despite making up half of people living with HIV. The female genital tract (FGT) serves as a primary site of HIV acquisition, but gaps in knowledge remain regarding protective innate immune mechanisms. Innate lymphoid cells are tissue-resident cells involved in mucosal barrier maintenance and protection, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are altered during chronic HIV infection.

Considering the interconnected nature of social identities in neuroimaging research.

Considerable heterogeneity exists in the expression of complex human behaviors across the cognitive, personality and mental health domains. It is increasingly evident that individual variability in behavioral expression is substantially affected by sociodemographic factors that often interact with life experiences. Here, we formally address the urgent need to incorporate intersectional identities in neuroimaging studies of behavior, with a focus on research in mental health.

An investigation of downstream processing methods for challenging skeletal samples.

While skeletal remains are known for their resilience and often serve as the final source of information for unidentified human remains (UHRs), the traditional downstream processing of these samples is challenging due to their low template nature, DNA degradation, and the presence of PCR inhibitors, typically resulting in limited probative information. To address this issue, advanced genotyping methods can be explored to retrieve additional genetic information from these challenging samples to maximize investigative leads. Therefore, this study investigated the effectiveness of three advanced genotyping methods and assessed their suitability with compromised skeletal samples: 1) targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) of both STRs and SNPs using the ForenSeq® DNA Signature Prep chemistry, 2) targeted NGS of SNPs using the ForenSeq® Kintelligence kit, and 3) SNP genotyping using a microarray via the Infinium Global Screening Array.