Does the Vaccination against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Offer Good Value for Money for Incidence Rates below the WHO Threshold for Endemicity? A Case Study for Germany.

Unlabelled: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection affecting the central nervous system (CNS) with potential long-term consequences including neurological sequelae. Vaccination is critical to reduce TBE morbidity and mortality, as no antiviral treatment is available. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines areas with an incidence of ≥5 cases/100,000 PPY as highly endemic and recommends that vaccination is offered to all individuals in these areas.

Excess Healthcare Costs and Resource Utilisation of Lyme Borreliosis in Germany: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.

Aim: Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne disease in Germany; however, data on the economic burden of LB are limited. In this study, we aim to report healthcare costs, healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and diagnostic consumption associated with LB by clinical manifestation.

Method: Using specific case definitions, patients with localised disease (erythema migrans [EM]) or disseminated disease (Lyme arthritis [LA], Lyme neuroborreliosis [LNB] and other rarer manifestations [OTH]) were identified from a claims database in 2016 and followed up for 3 years (2016-2019).

Preferences for a Clostridioides difficile vaccine among adults in the United States.

Introduction: Clostridioides difficile (C.diff) infection (CDI) causes significant morbidity and mortality among older adults. Vaccines to prevent CDI are in development; however, data on the target population's preferences are needed to inform vaccination recommendations in the United States (US).

Incidence of Lyme Borreliosis in Germany: A retrospective observational healthcare claims study.

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne disease in Germany. Although the incidence of LB in Germany has been assessed in several studies, those studies either used data from statutory surveillance, which frequently underreport cases, or data from health claims databases, which may overestimate cases due to non-specific LB case definitions. Here, using a more specific case definition, we describe the incidence of medically-attended LB by disease manifestation, age group, and federal state for the period 2015-2019.

infection across the lifespan: Estimation using life tables.

Using a life tables approach with 2011-2017 claims data, we calculated lifetime risks of infection (CDI) beginning at age 18 years. The lifetime CDI risk rates were 32% in female patients insured by Medicaid, 10% in commercially insured male patients, and almost 40% in females with end-stage renal disease.

Increased Incidence and Risk of Septicemia and Urinary Tract Infection After Infection.

Background: Although increased occurrence of septicemia in persons with infection (CDI) has been reported, incidence rates and risk of septicemia and urinary tract infection (UTI) after CDI are unclear.

Methods: The first episode of CDI was identified using 2011-2017 MarketScan and CMS Medicare data and CDI cases categorized by standard surveillance definitions. Uninfected persons were frequency matched 4:1 to cases by the CDI case surveillance definition.

Healthcare Costs of Infection in Commercially Insured Younger Adults.

In a US adult population aged <65 years, attributable costs due to infection (CDI) were highest in persons with hospital onset and lowest in those with community-associated CDI treated outside a hospital. The economic burden of CDI in younger adults underscores the need for additional CDI-preventive strategies.

Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile Infections in Germany, 2010-2019: A Review from Four Public Databases.

Introduction: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a recognized global threat especially for vulnerable populations. It is of particular concern to healthcare providers as it is found in both hospital and community settings, with severe courses, frequent recurrence, high mortality and substantial financial impact on the healthcare system. The CDI burden in Germany has been described and compared by analysing data from four different public databases.

Costs Attributable to Clostridioides difficile Infection Based on the Setting of Onset.

Background: Although hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with significant healthcare costs, the economic burden of CDI with onset in other facilities or the community has not been well studied.

Methods: Incident CDI cases were identified using 2011-2017 Medicare fee-for-service data. Controls were randomly selected in a 4:1 ratio matching to the CDI case surveillance definition.

Trends in the incidence of infection in adults and the elderly insured by Medicaid compared to commercial insurance or Medicare only.

Objective: Few data are available to quantify the infection (CDI) burden in US adults depending on Medicaid insurance status; thus, we sought to contribute to this body of information.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study to identify adults with codes for CDI from 2011 to 2017 in MarketScan commercial and Medicaid databases (for those aged 25-64 years) and the CMS Medicare database (for those aged ≥65 years). CDI was categorized as healthcare-facility-associated (HCA-CDI) and community-associated CDI (CA-CDI).

Incidence, Attributable Mortality, and Healthcare and Out-of-Pocket Costs of Clostridioides difficile Infection in US Medicare Advantage Enrollees.

Background: US attributable Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) mortality and cost data are primarily from Medicare fee-for-service populations, and little is known about Medicare Advantage Enrollees (MAEs). This study evaluated CDI incidence among MAEs from 2012 to 2019 and determined attributable mortality and costs by comparing MAEs with and without CDI occurring in 2018.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study assessed CDI incidence and associated mortality and costs for eligible MAEs ≥65 years of age using the de-identified Optum Clinformatics Data Mart database (Optum; Eden Prairie, Minnesota, USA).

infections after elective pediatric surgeries.

Objective: To determine the 180-day cumulative incidence of culture-confirmed infections after elective pediatric surgeries.

Design: Retrospective cohort study utilizing the Premier Healthcare database (PHD).

Setting: Inpatient and hospital-based outpatient elective surgical discharges.

Incidence and burden of infection after orthopedic surgeries.

Objective: To assess the 180-day incidence of Staphylococcus aureus infections following orthopedic surgeries using microbiology cultures.

Design: Retrospective observational epidemiology study.

Setting: National administrative hospital database.

A Risk Score to Predict Infection.

Background: infection (CDI) is a major cause of severe diarrhea. In this retrospective study, we identified CDI risk factors by comparing demographic and clinical characteristics for Kaiser Permanente Northern California members ≥18 years old with and without laboratory-confirmed incident CDI.

Methods: We included these risk factors in logistic regression models to develop 2 risk scores that predict future CDI after an Index Date for Risk Score Assessment (IDRSA), marking the beginning of a period for which we estimated CDI risk.

Identification of patients at risk of Clostridioides difficile infection for enrollment in vaccine clinical trials.

Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an important cause of diarrheal disease associated with increasing morbidity and mortality. Efforts to develop a preventive vaccine are ongoing. The goal of this study was to develop an algorithm to identify patients at high risk of CDI for enrollment in a vaccine efficacy trial.

Assessing risk factors, mortality, and healthcare utilization associated with Clostridioides difficile infection in four Latin American countries.

Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of healthcare-associated infections in Western countries. Risk factors, mortality, and healthcare utilization for CDI in Latin America are poorly understood. This study assessed risk factors and burden associated with nosocomial CDI in four Latin American countries.

Risk Factors for Primary Infection; Results From the Observational Study of Risk Factors for Infection in Hospitalized Patients With Infective Diarrhea (ORCHID).

There are inconsistent data on the risk factors for infection (CDI) in the literature. To use two infection (CDI) case-control study groups to compare risk factors in hospitalized patients with diarrhea across different countries. A multi-center group of CDI cases/controls were identified by standardized testing from seven countries from the prior EUropean, multi-center, prospective bi-annual point prevalence study of Infection in hospitalized patients with Diarrhea (EUCLID).

Modeling the potential impact of administering vaccines against Clostridioides difficile infection to individuals in healthcare facilities.

Background: A vaccine against Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is in development. While the vaccine has potential to both directly protect those vaccinated and mitigate transmission by reducing environmental contamination, the impact of the vaccine on C. difficile colonization remains unclear.

Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus Infections After Elective Surgeries in US Hospitals.

Background: Although Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of postsurgical infections, national estimates of these infections after elective surgeries based on microbiology data are limited. This study assessed cumulative 180-day postsurgical S. aureus incidence in real-world hospital settings.

Synthesis of novel multifunctional carbazole-based molecules and their thermal, electrochemical and optical properties.

Two novel carbazole-based compounds and were synthesised as potential candidates for application in organic electronics. The materials were fully characterised by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, cyclic voltammetry, and absorption and emission spectroscopy. Compounds and , both of which were amorphous solids, were stable up to 291 °C and 307 °C, respectively.

Burden of Staphylococcus aureus infections after orthopedic surgery in Germany.

Background: This study assessed incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus infections (SAI) following endoprosthetic hip or knee, or spine surgeries.

Methods: Adult patients with at least one of the selected surgeries from 2012 to 2015 captured in a German sickness fund database were included. SAI were identified using S.

Culture-Confirmed Infection after Elective Hysterectomy: Burden of Disease and Risk Factors.

Our study sought to describe the incidence of culture-confirmed postsurgical infection after elective hysterectomy and evaluate patient characteristics, risk factors, and economic consequences associated with infection. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients in the United States (≥18 years old; Kaiser Permanente health plan members) who underwent elective hysterectomy from 2007 to 2013. Hysterectomies were categorized by surgical setting (inpatient vs.

Incidence of Clostridioides difficile infections among young and middle-aged adults: Veterans Health Administration.

Objective: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains a significant public health concern, resulting in excess morbidity, mortality, and costs. Additional insight into the burden of CDI in adults aged <65 years is needed.

Design/setting: A 6-year retrospective cohort study was conducted using data extracted from United States Veterans Health Administration electronic medical records.

Health state utilities associated with post-surgical Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most common and potentially serious complications after surgery. Staphylococcus aureus is a virulent pathogen frequently identified as a cause of SSI. As vaccines and other infection control measures are developed to reduce SSI risk, cost-utility analyses (CUA) of these interventions are needed to inform resource allocation decisions.

Cost and Hospital Resource Utilization of Staphylococcus aureus Infection Post Elective Posterior Instrumented Spinal Fusion Surgeries in U.S. Hospitals: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess hospital resource utilization and costs associated with Staphylococcus aureus infection within 180 days post elective posterior instrumented spinal fusion surgeries (index surgery) between 2010 and 2015.

Summary Of Background Data: Surgical site infections (SSIs) and blood stream infections (BSIs) post spinal fusion surgeries are associated with worse clinical outcomes and increased costs.