Single-Subject Anxiety Treatment Outcome Prediction using Functional Neuroimaging.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.

Post-deployment Mental Health in Reserve and National Guard Service Members: Deploying With or Without One's Unit and Deployment Preparedness.

Background: Given the greater prevalence of post-deployment mental health concerns among reservists, the higher likelihood of deploying without their regular unit, and potentially lower rates of deployment preparedness, we examined associations between deploying with or without one's regular unit (individual augmentee status, IAS), deployment preparedness, and mental health problems including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression (MDD), and binge drinking in a nationally representative sample of Reserve Component (RC) Army and Marine-enlisted males (n = 705).

Methods: A series of multivariate regressions examined the association of mental health with IAS and deployment preparedness, adjusting for demographics. To examine whether deployment preparedness varied by IAS, an IAS × deployment preparedness interaction was included.

What good are positive emotions for treatment? Trait positive emotionality predicts response to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for anxiety.

Objective: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is empirically supported for the treatment of anxiety disorders; however, not all individuals achieve recovery following CBT. Positive emotions serve a number of functions that theoretically should facilitate response to CBT - they promote flexible patterns of information processing and assimilation of new information, encourage approach-oriented behavior, and speed physiological recovery from negative emotions. We conducted a secondary analysis of an existing clinical trial dataset to test the a priori hypothesis that individual differences in trait positive emotions would predict CBT response for anxiety.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Binge Drinking in the Reserve Component of the U.S. Armed Forces.

Objectives: We documented the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and binge drinking in U.S. Reserve and National Guard (Reserve Component [RC]) personnel for each service and branch by rank, gender, and deployment status.

Association of Childhood Anxiety Disorders and Quality of Life in a Primary Care Sample.

Unlabelled: Anxiety disorders are associated with measurable deficits in quality of life (QOL) in adult samples. However, this association has largely been unexplored in pediatric samples. In this study, we examined relationships between child anxiety-including number of anxiety disorders (comorbidity), symptom severity, and subtypes of anxiety-and QOL in a pediatric primary care sample.

Sleep Quality Improvement During Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders.

Despite the ubiquity of sleep complaints among individuals with anxiety disorders, few prior studies have examined whether sleep quality improves during anxiety treatment. The current study examined pre- to posttreatment sleep quality improvement during cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for panic disorder (PD; n = 26) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; n = 24). Among sleep quality indices, only global sleep quality and sleep latency improved significantly (but modestly) during CBT.

Common and disorder-specific neural responses to emotional faces in generalised anxiety, social anxiety and panic disorders.

Background: Although evidence exists for abnormal brain function across various anxiety disorders, direct comparison of neural function across diagnoses is needed to elicit abnormalities common across disorders and those distinct to a particular diagnosis.

Aims: To delineate common and distinct abnormalities within generalised anxiety (GAD), panic and social anxiety disorder (SAD) during affective processing.

Method: Fifty-nine adults (15 with GAD, 15 with panic disorder, 14 with SAD, and 15 healthy controls) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing a facial emotion matching task with fearful, angry and happy faces.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder is associated with attenuation of limbic activation to threat-related facial emotions.

Background: The neural processes underlying the benefits of cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are not well understood.

Methods: Twenty-one (n=21) adults with a principal diagnosis of GAD and eleven (n=11) non-anxious healthy controls (HC) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing a facial emotion processing task. Responses to threat-related emotionality (i.

Single-subject anxiety treatment outcome prediction using functional neuroimaging.

The possibility of individualized treatment prediction has profound implications for the development of personalized interventions for patients with anxiety disorders. Here we utilize random forest classification and pre-treatment functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD) to generate individual subject treatment outcome predictions. Before cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), 48 adults (25 GAD and 23 PD) reduced (via cognitive reappraisal) or maintained their emotional responses to negative images during fMRI scanning.

Screening for adolescent anxiety disorders in a pediatric emergency department.

Objectives: Adolescence is a time of increasing risk for some anxiety disorders. Scant data exist on adolescent anxiety in emergency department (ED) settings. We sought to characterize select clinical characteristics and health care use associated with anxiety disorders in a pediatric ED.

Neuroticism mediates the relationship between childhood adversity and adult sleep quality.

This study investigated the relationship of childhood adversity and adult sleep quality in 327 college students (91 males), with a mean age of 18.9 years (SD = 2.1) and also examined whether neuroticism significantly mediated the observed association.

Age of onset, clinical characteristics, and 15-year course of anxiety disorders in a prospective, longitudinal, observational study.

Background: Age of onset is rarely studied in the anxiety disorders literature. The current study examined age of onset as it relates to clinical characteristics and course of anxiety disorders using a prospective, longitudinal, observational design.

Methods: Fifteen-year follow-up data were examined for participants with panic disorder with (PDA) or without (PD) agoraphobia, social phobia (SP), and/or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) at baseline.

Burden of anxiety disorders in pediatric medical settings: prevalence, phenomenology, and a research agenda.

The current review describes the phenomenology of several common anxiety disorders in children and adolescents as they present in medical settings. Anxiety disorders and associated features in children are described, along with epidemiology, functional impairment, common somatic complaints, medical comorbidity, health care utilization, and presentation in general and in specialty pediatric medical settings. Recommendations for clinical management in pediatric settings are presented, and evidence-based interventions and emerging treatments for pediatric anxiety disorders are described.

Relationship of anxiety disorders, sleep quality, and functional impairment in a community sample.

Background: Anxiety disorders and insomnia are each prevalent, impairing, and highly comorbid. However, little is known about whether specific types of sleep complaints are associated with specific anxiety disorders, and whether poor sleep has an additive effect on functional impairment in anxiety disorders.

Method: Data from the German Health Survey (GHS; N = 4181; ages 18-65) were utilized to examine relationships among anxiety disorders, sleep quality (assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory; PSQI), and functional impairment (assessed by the Medical Outcomes Scale Short Form; SF-36; and past-month disability days due to physical and emotional problems, respectively).

Anxiety sensitivity as a predictor of the clinical course of panic disorder: a 1-year follow-up study.

Background: There is evidence that negative affect (NA) and anxiety sensitivity (AS) predict the development of anxiety disorders, particularly panic disorder (PD). The main purpose of this study was to examine whether NA and AS will also predict the clinical course of PD.

Methods: Participants were 136 individuals with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of PD (with or without agoraphobia) enrolled in a naturalistic and longitudinal study of anxiety disorders, the Harvard/Brown Anxiety Research Project (HARP).

Risk factors for isolated sleep paralysis in an African American sample: a preliminary study.

Isolated sleep paralysis (ISP) is a temporary period of involuntary immobility that can occur at sleep onset or offset. It has previously been reported in association with both panic disorder (PD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study examined the association between ISP and several possible risk factors--anxiety sensitivity, trauma exposure, life stress, and paranormal beliefs--in a sample of African American participants with and without a history of ISP.

Quality of life following simultaneous placement of penile prosthesis with radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: The present study examined erectile functioning, frequency of sexual contact, psychological functioning, partner/marital satisfaction and overall quality of life (QOL) after immediate sexual rehabilitation for prostate cancer via simultaneous placement of a penile prosthesis at radical retropubic prostatectomy (RP).

Materials And Methods: Questionnaire packets were sent to and received from 51 men who had undergone simultaneous implantation of a penile prosthesis at the time of RP (PP+) and from a comparison group of 47 men who undergone RP alone (PP-) matched by age and year of surgery. Questionnaires included the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and a prostate specific European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QOL questionnaire.