Synovial Chondromatosis of the Hand and Wrist: A 35-Year Retrospective Case Review.

Synovial chondromatosis is a condition that rarely occurs in the hand and wrist. Recurrence and malignant transformation are two potential complications of the disease. We set out to retrospectively review 35 years of practice within our sarcoma and tertiary hand unit and identify recurrence or malignant transformation.

A 7-Year Retrospective Review of Flexor Sheath Infections.

Flexor sheath infections require prompt diagnosis, and management with intravenous antibiotics and/or surgical washout followed by hand therapy. Complication rates as high as 38% have been reported. Our unit takes a relatively conservative approach to the management of flexor sheath infections and select patients are managed non-surgically via our outpatient antibiotic service where they are clinically reviewed and receive a once daily dose of intravenous antibiotics.

Hip fractures in the older adult: orthopaedic and geriatric shared care model in Southland, New Zealand-a 5-year follow-up study.

Background: Neck of femur fractures are common with associated high morbidity and mortality rates. National standards include provision of orthogeriatric care to any patient with a hip fracture. This study assessed the outcomes at 5 years following implementation of a collaborative orthogeriatric service at Southland Hospital in 2012.

The incidence and severity of diabetic hand infection presentations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

IV.

ID2 and HIF-1α collaborate to protect quiescent hematopoietic stem cells from activation, differentiation, and exhaustion.

Defining mechanism(s) that maintain tissue stem quiescence is important for improving tissue regeneration, cell therapies, aging, and cancer. We report here that genetic ablation of Id2 in adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) promotes increased HSC activation and differentiation, which results in HSC exhaustion and bone marrow failure over time. Id2Δ/Δ HSCs showed increased cycling, ROS production, mitochondrial activation, ATP production, and DNA damage compared with Id2+/+ HSCs, supporting the conclusion that Id2Δ/Δ HSCs are less quiescent.

Rigid Double-Stranded DNA Linkers for Single Molecule Enzyme-Drug Interaction Measurements Using Molecular Recognition Force Spectroscopy.

Single-molecule studies can reveal the distribution of states and interactions between ligand-enzyme complexes not accessible for most studies that measure a large ensemble average response of many molecules. Furthermore, in some biological applications, the information regarding the outliers, not the average of measured properties, can be more important. The high spatial and force resolution provided by atomic force microscopy (AFM) under physiological conditions has been utilized in this study to quantify the force-distance relations of enzyme-drug interactions.

Non-whiplash soft tissue injuries following low-velocity impact collisions: A retrospective analysis.

Whiplash is the most common injury reported in low-velocity impact road traffic accidents, but claimants report a range of other soft tissue injuries and we looked at the prevalence of these and any patterns. We retrospectively reviewed reports from the medico-legal practice of an orthopaedic surgeon. We collected data on 609 claimants.

Bilateral Congenital Vertical Talus in Association with Beals Contractural Arachnodactyly: A Case Report.

Case: Congenital vertical talus (CVT) is a rare rigid flatfoot disorder with a rocker-bottom flatfoot appearance. It is characterized by hindfoot valgus and equinus, with associated midfoot dorsiflexion and forefoot abduction. We describe a patient who was born with dysmorphic features and subsequently was diagnosed with Beals contractural arachnodactyly.

Tumor stroma-targeted antibody-drug conjugate triggers localized anticancer drug release.

Although nonmalignant stromal cells facilitate tumor growth and can occupy up to 90% of a solid tumor mass, better strategies to exploit these cells for improved cancer therapy are needed. Here, we describe a potent MMAE-linked antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8, also known as ANTXR1), a highly conserved transmembrane receptor broadly overexpressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelium, and pericytes. Anti-TEM8 ADC elicited potent anticancer activity through an unexpected killing mechanism we term DAaRTS (drug activation and release through stroma), whereby the tumor microenvironment localizes active drug at the tumor site.

Management of elderly patients with glioblastoma-multiforme-a systematic review.

The management of elderly patients with glioblastoma-multiforme (GBM) remains poorly defined with many experts in the past advocating best supportive care, in view of limited evidence on efficacy of more aggressive treatment protocols. There is randomised evidence (NORDIC and NA-O8 studies) to support the use of surgery followed by adjuvant monotherapy with either radiotherapy (RT) using hypofractionated regimes (e.g.

Direct Surface Tension Measurements of Individual Sub-Micrometer Particles Using Atomic Force Microscopy.

Understanding the role of sea spray aerosol (SSA) on climate and the environment is of great interest due to their high number concentration throughout the Earth's atmosphere. Despite being of fundamental importance, direct surface tension measurements of SSA relevant sub-micrometer particles are rare, largely due to their extremely small volumes. Herein, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to directly measure the surface tension of individual sub-micrometer SSA particle mimics at ambient temperature and varying relative humidity (RH).

Linking hygroscopicity and the surface microstructure of model inorganic salts, simple and complex carbohydrates, and authentic sea spray aerosol particles.

Individual airborne sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles show diversity in their morphologies and water uptake properties that are highly dependent on the biological, chemical, and physical processes within the sea subsurface and the sea surface microlayer. In this study, hygroscopicity data for model systems of organic compounds of marine origin mixed with NaCl are compared to data for authentic SSA samples collected in an ocean-atmosphere facility providing insights into the SSA particle growth, phase transitions and interactions with water vapor in the atmosphere. In particular, we combine single particle morphology analyses using atomic force microscopy (AFM) with hygroscopic growth measurements in order to provide important insights into particle hygroscopicity and the surface microstructure.

Eradication of Tumors through Simultaneous Ablation of CD276/B7-H3-Positive Tumor Cells and Tumor Vasculature.

Targeting the tumor vasculature with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) is a promising anti-cancer strategy that in order to be realized must overcome several obstacles, including identification of suitable targets and optimal warheads. Here, we demonstrate that the cell-surface protein CD276/B7-H3 is broadly overexpressed by multiple tumor types on both cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating blood vessels, making it a potentially ideal dual-compartment therapeutic target. In preclinical studies CD276 ADCs armed with a conventional MMAE warhead destroyed CD276-positive cancer cells, but were ineffective against tumor vasculature.

The Impact of Aerosol Particle Mixing State on the Hygroscopicity of Sea Spray Aerosol.

Aerosol particles influence global climate by determining cloud droplet number concentrations, brightness, and lifetime. Primary aerosol particles, such as those produced from breaking waves in the ocean, display large particle-particle variability in chemical composition, morphology, and physical phase state, all of which affect the ability of individual particles to accommodate water and grow into cloud droplets. Despite such diversity in molecular composition, there is a paucity of methods available to assess how particle-particle variability in chemistry translates to corresponding differences in aerosol hygroscopicity.

Quantifying the Hygroscopic Growth of Individual Submicrometer Particles with Atomic Force Microscopy.

The water uptake behavior of atmospheric aerosol dictates their climate effects. In many studies, aerosol particles are deposited onto solid substrates to measure water uptake; however, the effects of the substrate are not well understood. Furthermore, in some cases, methods used to analyze and quantify water uptake of substrate deposited particles use a two-dimensional (2D) analysis to monitor growth by following changes in the particle diameter with relative humidity (RH).

Role of Organic Coatings in Regulating N2O5 Reactive Uptake to Sea Spray Aerosol.

Previous laboratory measurements and field observations have suggested that the reactive uptake of N2O5 to sea spray aerosol particles is a complex function of particle chemical composition and phase, where surface active organics can suppress the reactive uptake by up to a factor of 60. To date, there are no direct studies of the reactive uptake of N2O5 to nascent sea spray aerosol that permit assessment of the role that organic molecules present in sea spray aerosol (SSA) may play in suppressing or enhancing N2O5 uptake kinetics. In this study, SSA was generated from ambient seawater and artificial seawater matrices using a Marine Aerosol Reference Tank (MART), capable of producing nascent SSA representative of ambient conditions.

Substrate-Deposited Sea Spray Aerosol Particles: Influence of Analytical Method, Substrate, and Storage Conditions on Particle Size, Phase, and Morphology.

Atmospheric aerosols are often collected on substrates and analyzed weeks or months after the initial collection. We investigated how the selection of substrate and microscopy method influence the measured size, phase, and morphology of sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles and how sample storage conditions affect individual particles using three common microscopy techniques: optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to determine changes in the water content of stored particles.

Correction: Humidity-dependent surface tension measurements of individual inorganic and organic submicrometre liquid particles.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C4SC03716B.].

A calibration curve for immobilized dihydrofolate reductase activity assay.

An assay was developed for measuring the active-site concentration, activity, and thereby the catalytic turnover rate (k cat) of an immobilized dihydrofolate reductase model system (Singh et al., (2015), Anal. Biochem).

Humidity-dependent surface tension measurements of individual inorganic and organic submicrometre liquid particles.

Surface tension, an important property of liquids, is easily measured for bulk samples. However, for droplets smaller than one micron in size, there are currently no reported measurements. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and force spectroscopy have been utilized to measure surface tension of individual submicron sized droplets at ambient pressure and controlled relative humidity (RH).