Managing Hypertension in Older Adults.

Purpose Of Review: The population of older adults 60-79 years globally is projected to double from 800 million to 1.6 billion between 2015 and 2050, while adults ≥ 80 years were forecast to more than triple from 125 to 430 million. The risk for cardiovascular events doubles with each decade of aging and each 20 mmHg increase of systolic blood pressure.

Modifiable kidney disease risk factors among nondiabetic adults with obesity from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Objective: It is unknown whether weight change or physical fitness is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk among nondiabetic adults with obesity.

Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of adults with obesity without baseline CKD or diabetes enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Linear mixed-effects and multistate models were adjusted for demographics, time-varying covariates including blood pressure, and comorbidities these were used to examine associations of weight change and slow walking pace (<2 miles/h) with (i) rate of annual estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and (ii) incident CKD, defined as eGFR  < 60 mL/min/1.

Black-White Inequities in Kidney Disease Mortality Across the 30 Most Populous US Cities.

Objectives: To examine city-level kidney disease mortality rates and Black:White racial inequities for the USA and its largest cities, and to determine if these measures changed over the past decade.

Methods: We used National Vital Statistics System mortality data and American Community Survey population estimates to calculate age-standardized kidney disease mortality rates for the non-Hispanic Black (Black), non-Hispanic White (White), and total populations for the USA and the 30 most populous US cities. We examined two time points, 2008-2013 (T1) and 2014-2018 (T2), and assessed changes in rates and inequities over time.

An optical coherence tomography comparison of coronary arterial plaque calcification in patients with end-stage renal disease and diabetes mellitus.

Background: Coronary arterial plaques in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are assumed to have increased calcification due to underlying renal disease or initiation of dialysis. This relationship may be confounded by comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: From a single-center OCT registry, 60 patients were analyzed.

The association of positive affect and cardiovascular health in Hispanics/Latinos with chronic kidney disease: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

The beneficial influence of positive affect (e.g., joy) remains unexplored in relation to heart health in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD)-a population at increased risk for poor cardiovascular health (CVH).

The Association of Serum Carotenoids, Tocopherols, and Ascorbic Acid With Rapid Kidney Function Decline: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.

Objective: Nutritional intervention targeting dietary intake modification is a major component of treatment for chronic kidney disease; however, little is known about the relationship between dietary intake and kidney function decline in individuals with preserved kidney function.

Design And Methods: In this prospective cohort study we examined the association of biomarkers of dietary intake with kidney function decline over a 5-year interval in 2,152 men and women with cystatin-C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate > 60 mL/minute/1.73 m from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study.

Reproductive and contraceptive characteristics of premenopausal kidney transplant recipients.

Objective: To obtain information on menstrual patterns before and after transplantation, desire for future pregnancy, and use of contraception among premenopausal kidney transplant recipients.

Study Design: This observational study collected information using self-administered anonymous questionnaires during a routine outpatient clinic visit.

Results: Of the 107 women who completed the questionnaire, 41 identified themselves as being premenopausal.

Hemodialysis and estrogen levels in postmenopausal (HELP) patients: The multicenter HELP study.

Background: Low serum estrogen levels are associated with increased risk for hip fractures in healthy postmenopausal women. Although the rate of hip fractures is 4- to 24-fold greater in postmenopausal hemodialysis-dependent women (PHDW) compared with the general population, no published study has examined the prevalence of low serum estrogen levels or factors associated with low serum estrogen levels in this population.

Methods: We measured serum estrone (E1) and total estradiol (E2) levels in PHDW and investigated the independent association between serum estrogen levels and demographic and dialysis-related factors.

Menopause and postmenopausal hormone use and risk of incident kidney stones.

Menopause is associated with increased urinary calcium excretion, which could increase the risk for the development of calcium-containing kidney stones. However, it is unknown whether menopause and postmenopausal hormone (PMH) use are independent risk factors for incident kidney stone disease in women. Data from 91,731 female Nurses' Health Study participants who provided information on diet, menopause status, and kidney stone disease were used to examine the independent association between menopause and PMH use and risk of incident kidney stones.

Permanent cessation of menses and postmenopausal hormone use in dialysis-dependent women: the HELP study.

Background: Earlier onset of menopause is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, especially among women with surgical menopause. Information on age at or reasons for the permanent cessation of menses among women with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) remains limited, although cardiovascular disease accounts for more than half of all cardiovascular deaths in this population.

Methods: We used data from the Hemodialysis and Estrogen Levels in Postmenopausal Patients Study to examine the reported age when menses permanently ceased, reasons for the permanent cessation of menses, and prevalence of surgical menopause.

The association between gout and nephrolithiasis: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1994.

Background: Gout, an inflammatory arthritis, reportedly afflicts more than 2 million men and women in the United States. Previous reports have suggested an association between gout and kidney stone disease; however, these studies did not adjust for such important potential confounders as obesity and the presence of hypertension. To our knowledge, no published study has examined the independent association between gout and kidney stone disease.